Geomorphology

the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface

Illimani (Aymara and Spanish pronunciation: [iʎiˈmani]) is a prominent fold mountain within the Cordillera Real of Bolivia, a subrange of the greater Andes, located approximately 82 kilometres (51 mi) southeast of La Paz

The Sierra Nevada del Cocuy Chita or Guican National Natural Park (or Sierra Nevada de Chita or Sierra Nevada de Güicán, Spanish: Parque Natural Sierra Nevada del Cocuy Chita o Guican is a national park and a series of highlands and glaciated peaks located within the Cordillera Oriental mountain ran

The Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness is a 45,000-acre (18,000 ha) wilderness area located in San Juan County in the U.S. state of New Mexico

Makhtesh Ramon (Hebrew: מכתש רמון; lit. Ramon Crater/Makhtesh; Arabic: وادي الرمان; lit. The Ruman Wadi) is a geological feature of Israel's Negev desert

Vasquez Rocks Natural Area Park is a 932-acre (377-hectare) park located in the Sierra Pelona in northern Los Angeles County, California

The Jura Mountains (Jura Massif, JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə) are a sub-alpine mountain range, a short distance north of the Western Alps, and mainly demarcate a long part of the French-Swiss border

Domboshava (also Domboshawa) is a peri-urban residential area in the province of Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe

The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Late Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous age and occurs in southern and eastern England and in the North Sea

The Santana Group is a geologic group, formerly included as the middle part of the Araripe Group, in the Araripe Basin of northeastern Brazil

The Messel Pit is a fossil preservation site in Hesse, central Germany, dated to the Eocene epoch (about 47 Ma)

Torridonian is the informal name given to a sequence of Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks that outcrop in a strip along the northwestern coast of Scotland and some parts of the Inner Hebrides from the Isle of Mull in the southwest to Cape Wrath in the northeast

Stone Mountain is a quartz monzonite dome monadnock and the site of Stone Mountain Park, 15 miles (24 km) east of Atlanta, Georgia

Brimham Rocks, once known as Brimham Crags, is a 183.9-hectare (454-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and Geological Conservation Review (GCR) site, 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, on Brimham Moor in the Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natu

The Baikal Rift Zone is a series of continental rifts centered beneath Lake Baikal in southeastern Russia

Flysch () is a sequence of sedimentary rock layers that progress from deep-water and turbidity flow deposits to shallow-water shales and sandstones

Bugle Rock (Kahale Bande) is a massive rock in the Basavanagudi area of South Bengaluru, in the state of Karnataka

The Ashfall Fossil Beds of Antelope County in northeastern Nebraska are rare fossil sites of the type called lagerstätten that, due to extraordinary local conditions, capture an ecological "snapshot" in time of a range of well-preserved fossilized organisms

The Bear Gulch Limestone is a limestone-rich geological lens in central Montana, renowned for the quality of its marine fossils from the late Mississippian subperiod, about 324 million years ago

The Soom Shale is a member of the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) Cederberg Formation (Table Mountain Group) in South Africa, renowned for its remarkable preservation of soft-tissue in fossil material

Rib Mountain, also known as Rib Hill, is located in the village of Rib Mountain 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of downtown Wausau

Mount Inago, also known as Serra Inago, is a mountain in northern Mozambique

The West African Craton (WAC) is one of the five cratons of the Precambrian basement rock of Africa that make up the African Plate, the others being the Kalahari craton, Congo craton, Saharan Metacraton and Tanzania Craton

The Entrada Sandstone is a formation in the San Rafael Group found in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Colorado, northwest New Mexico, northeast Arizona, and southeast Utah

The Supai Group is a slope-forming sequence of mixed red beds and limestones that outcrop in the Colorado Plateau

The Gunflint chert (1.88 Ga) is a sequence of banded iron formation rocks that are exposed in the Gunflint Range of northern Minnesota and northwestern Ontario along the north shore of Lake Superior

Courthouse and Jail Rocks are two rock formations located near Bridgeport in the Nebraska Panhandle

Chimney Rock is an 11,781-foot-elevation (3,591-meter) pillar located on the shared boundary of Hinsdale County with Ouray County, in southwest Colorado, United States

Montserrat (Catalan pronunciation: [munsəˈrat]) is a multi-peaked mountain range near Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain

Yapahuwa (Sinhalese language : යාපහුව) was one of the ephemeral capitals of medieval Sri Lanka

Enchanted Mesa is a sandstone butte in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States, about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northeast of the pueblo of Acoma

Natural Bridge is an unincorporated community in Rockbridge County, Virginia, United States

Cockpit Country is an area in Trelawny and Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Ann, Manchester and the northern tip of Clarendon parishes, mostly within the west-central side, of Jamaica

The Moine Thrust Belt or Moine Thrust Zone is a linear tectonic feature in the Scottish Highlands which runs from Loch Eriboll on the north coast 190 kilometres (120 mi) southwest to the Sleat peninsula on the Isle of Skye

The Wasatch Fault is an active fault located primarily on the western edge of the Wasatch Mountains in the U.S. states of Utah and Idaho

A massif () is a principal mountain mass, such as a compact portion of a mountain range, containing one or more summits (e.g

A col in geomorphology is the lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks

In biogeography, a land bridge is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas, over which animals and plants are able to cross and colonize new lands

A couloir (French: [ku.lwaʁ], "passage" or "corridor") is a narrow gully with a steep gradient in mountainous terrain.

A slot canyon is a long, narrow channel or drainageway with sheer rock walls that are typically eroded into either sandstone or other sedimentary rock

The Torridon Group is a series of Tonian (lower Neoproterozoic) arenaceous and argillaceous sedimentary rocks, which occur extensively in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland

A ria (; Galician: ría, feminine noun derived from río, 'river') is a coastal inlet formed by the partial submergence of an unglaciated river valley

A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge, or hill, bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and standing distinctly above a surrounding plain

Badlands are a type of dry terrain where softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded

In geography and geology, a cliff or bluff or rock face is an area of rock which has a general angle defined by the vertical, or nearly vertical

A ravine is a landform that is narrower than a canyon and is often the product of streambank erosion

A gully is a landform created by running water, mass movement, or both, which erodes soil to a sharp angle, typically on a hillside or in river floodplains or terraces

A cuesta (Spanish for 'slope') is a hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side, and a steep slope on the other

A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water

A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is a seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics

An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3,000 and 6,000 metres (9,800 and 19,700 ft)

Basin and range topography is characterized by alternating parallel mountain ranges and valleys

An inselberg or monadnock ( mə-NAD-nok) is an isolated rock hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain

A tepui (), or tepuy (Spanish: [teˈpuj]), is a member of a family of table-top mountains or mesas found in northern South America, especially in Venezuela, western Guyana, and northern Brazil

A bornhardt ( ) is a dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock outcropping at least 30 metres (100 ft) in height and several hundred metres in width

A tombolo is a sandy or shingle isthmus

A brine pool, sometimes called an underwater lake, deepwater lake or brine lake, is a volume of brine collected in a seafloor depression

In geomorphology and geology, a peneplain is a low-relief plain formed by protracted erosion

The saddle between two hills or mountains is the region surrounding the saddle point, the lowest point on the line tracing the drainage divide connecting the peaks

A chine ( ) is a steep-sided coastal gorge where a river flows to the sea through, typically, soft eroding cliffs of sandstone or clays

A mushroom rock, also called a pedestal rock, rock pedestal, or gour, is a naturally occurring rock whose shape, as its name implies, resembles a mushroom

An oceanic or submarine plateau is a large, relatively flat elevation that is higher than the surrounding relief with one or more relatively steep sides

A snow cornice or simply cornice (from the Italian cornice meaning "ledge") is an overhanging edge of snow on a ridge or the crest of a mountain and along the sides of gullies.

In geology, a terrace is a step-like landform

A ventifact (also wind-faceted stone, windkanter) is a rock that has been abraded, pitted, etched, grooved, or polished by wind-driven sand or ice crystals

A spur is a lateral ridge or tongue of land descending from a hill, mountain or main crest of a ridge

A rauk is a column-like landform in Sweden, often equivalent to a stack

A mogote () is a generally isolated, steep-sided residual hill in the tropics composed of either limestone, marble, or dolomite

A crag (sometimes spelled cragg, or in Scotland craig) is a rocky hill or mountain, generally isolated from other high ground.

Traditionally in geomorphology, a flatiron is a steeply sloping triangular landform created by the differential erosion of a steeply dipping, erosion-resistant layer of rock overlying softer strata

In Earth science, a pothole is a smooth, bowl-shaped or cylindrical hollow, generally deeper than wide, found carved into the rocky bed of a watercourse

A dambo is a class of complex shallow wetlands in central, southern and eastern Africa, particularly in Zambia, Malawi and Zimbabwe

Beach cusps are shoreline formations made up of various grades of sediment in an arc pattern

Blowouts are sandy depressions in a sand dune ecosystem (psammosere) caused by the removal of sediments by wind

Undersea mountain ranges are mountain ranges that are mostly or entirely underwater, and specifically under the surface of an ocean

A mountain chain is a row of high mountain summits, a linear sequence of interconnected or related mountains, or a contiguous ridge of mountains within a larger mountain range

In hydrology, an oceanic basin (or ocean basin) is anywhere on Earth that is covered by seawater

A desert pavement, also called reg (in western Sahara), serir (in eastern Sahara), gibber (in Australia), hamada (western Sahara and Middle East), or saï (in central Asia) is a desert surface covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble size

A machair (Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˈmaxɪɾʲ]; sometimes machar in English) is a fertile low-lying grassy plain found on part of the northwestern coastlines of Ireland and Scotland, particularly the Outer Hebrides

Coulee, or coulée ( or ), is any of various different landforms, all of which are kinds of valleys or drainage zones

The Danxia landform (Chinese: 丹霞地貌; pinyin: dānxiá dìmào; Jyutping: daan1haa4 dei6maau6) is a set of landscapes found in southeast, southwest and northwest China that "consist of a red bed characterized by steep cliffs". It is a unique type of petrographic geomorphology found in China

A makhtesh (Hebrew: מַכְתֵּשׁ ([maχˈteʃ]); pl.: makhteshim, Hebrew: מַכְתְּשִׁים [ˌmaχteˈʃim]) is a unique geological landform found primarily in the Negev desert of Israel and the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt

An abyssal hill is a small hill that rises from the floor of an abyssal plain

In geomorphology, geography and geology, a bench or benchland is a long, relatively narrow strip of relatively level or gently inclined land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below it

A dip slope is a topographic or geomorphic surface which slopes in the same direction, and often by the same angle, as the true dip or apparent dip of the underlying strata

Strandflat (Norwegian: strandflate) is a landform typical of the Norwegian coast consisting of a flattish erosion surface on the coast and near-coast seabed

A potrero is a long mesa that at one end slopes upward to higher terrain

A panhole or weathering pit is a depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping cohesive rock

A geo or gio (Shaetlan pronunciation: [ɡjoː] GYOH, from Old Norse gjá) is an inlet, a gully or a narrow and deep cleft in the face of a cliff

A chenier or chénier is a sandy or shelly beach ridge that is part of a strand plain, called a “chenier plain,” consisting of cheniers separated by intervening mud-flat deposits with marsh and swamp vegetation

At a flat coast or flat shoreline, the land descends gradually into the sea

A chevron is a wedge-shaped sediment deposit observed on coastlines and continental interiors around the world

In geology and geomorphology a planation surface is a large-scale land surface that is almost flat with the possible exception of some residual hills

A flark is a depression or hollow within a bog

Paha (or greda) are elongated landforms composed either of only loess or till capped by loess

Inland dunes are eolian sand dunes that are found inland, away from coastal regions.

A homoclinal ridge or strike ridge is a hill or ridge with a moderate, generally between 10° and 30°, sloping backslope

In geomorphology a nubbin is a small and gentle hill consisting of a bedrock core dotted with rounded residual blocks

A hill chain, sometimes also hill ridge, is an elongated line of hills that usually includes a succession of more or less prominent hilltops, domed summits or kuppen, hill ridges and saddles and which, together with its associated lateral ridges and branches, may form a complex topographic structure

Cliff-top dunes, also known as perched dunes, are dunes that occur on the tops of cliffs

Ridge and swale, or in dunal areas dune and swale, is a landform consisting of regular, parallel ridges alternating with marshy depressions

Sand sheets are flat, gently undulating plots of sand surfaced by grains that may be too large for saltation

A snow field or snowfield is an accumulation of snow and ice, typically found above the snow line, normally in mountainous and glacial terrain

Ice lenses are bodies of ice formed when moisture, diffused within soil or rock, accumulates in a localized zone

An exhumed river channel is a ridge of sandstone that remains when the softer flood plain mudstone is eroded away

In Scottish geography, a carse (the modern form of older Scots kerse; Scottish Gaelic càrrsa or còrrsa) is an area of fertile, low-lying (typically alluvial) land occupying certain Scottish river valleys, such as that of the River Forth

The terms barrier ridge, a term of art in the earth sciences, especially geology and sometimes barrier range (more common as a geography term) describing the existence of gross landforms describing long ridgelines which are particularly difficult to pass, especially in the context of being on foot o

A Waulsortian mudmound is a calcareous geographical feature found in Early Carboniferous strata of Central Europe

Cyclopean stairs form as a result of glacial erosion

A shutter ridge is a ridge that has moved along a fault line, blocking or diverting drainage

A syrt is a kind of an elevated landform in Russia and Central Asia

A ridge is a long, narrow, elevated geomorphologic landform, structural feature, or a combination of both separated from the surrounding terrain by steep sides

An inlet is a typically long and narrow indentation of a shoreline such as a small arm, cove, bay, sound, fjord, lagoon or marsh, that leads to an enclosed larger body of water such as a lake, estuary, gulf or marginal sea.

A roadstead or road is a sheltered body of water where ships can lie reasonably safely at anchor without dragging or snatching

In geography, an arm is a narrow extension, inlet, or smaller reach, of water flowing out from a much larger body of water, such as an ocean, a sea, or a lake

In the earth sciences, the terms fluting and flute have very different meanings in its subdisciplines of geomorphology, glaciology, sedimentology, and speleology.

In geology and geomorphology a paleosurface is a surface made by erosion of considerable antiquity

A witness hill is a type of landform created from the erosion of the earth

Sastrugi, or zastrugi, are features formed by the erosion of snow by wind

A snowdrift is a deposit of snow sculpted by wind into a mound during a snowstorm

A tableland is an area containing elevated landforms characterized by a distinct, flat, nearly level, or gently undulating surface

In geology and geomorphology a pediplain (from the Latin pes, genitive case pedis, meaning "foot") is an extensive plain formed by the coalescence of pediments

A beach ridge is a wave-swept or wave-deposited ridge running parallel to a shoreline

In geomorphology, a knickpoint or nickpoint (from the German Knick, a sharp turn) is part of a river or channel where there is a sharp change in channel bed slope, such as a waterfall or lake

An interfluve is a narrow, elongated and plateau-like or ridge-like landform between two valleys

A gap is a geological formation that is a low point or opening between hills or mountains or in a ridge or mountain range

Tukulans (Russian: Тукуланы; Yakut: Тукулаан, a term from Evenki origin) are relief forms shaped by aeolian processes of the Central Yakutian Lowland, Yakutia, Russian Federation

Submergent coastlines or drowned coastlines are stretches along the coast that have been inundated by the sea by a relative rise in sea levels from either isostacy or eustacy

A strand plain or strandplain is a broad belt of sand along a shoreline with a surface exhibiting well-defined parallel or semi-parallel sand ridges separated by shallow swales

A flat is a relatively level surface of land within a region of greater relief, such as hills or mountains, usually used in the plural

Lavaka (Malagasy pronunciation: [ˈlavakə̥]), the Malagasy word for "hole", usually found on the side of a hill, is a type of erosional feature common in Madagascar

A peresyp (пересыпь), is a Russian hydrological term name for a mouth bar, an element of a deltaic system

Alcove is the geographical and geological term for a steep-sided hollow in the side of an exposed rock face or cliff of a homogeneous rock type, that was water eroded

Chink (Russian: Чинк) is a regional term in Central Asia for steep chalk and limestone escarpments and cliffs of heights up to 350 m, often around flat-top elevations

A fin is a geological formation that is a narrow, residual wall of hard sedimentary rock that remains standing after surrounding rock has been eroded away along parallel joints or fractures

A pillar is a landform, either of rock or earth, defined by the USGS as: "Vertical, standing, often spire-shaped, natural rock formation (chimney, monument, pinnacle, pohaku, rock tower)." Some examples of rock pillars are Chambers Pillar, Katskhi Pillar, Pompeys Pillar, and Pillar Rock

Siek (German pronunciation: [ziːk]) is a north German term for a wet depression, hollow or lowland area

A Steilhang (German: [ˈʃtaɪlhaŋ] ; pl

A swell in geology is a domed area of considerable areal extent

In geology and physical geography, a plateau (; French: [plato]; pl.: plateaus or plateaux), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of highland consisting of flat terrain that is raised sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side

A mountain is an elevated portion of the surface of a planet, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock

A river delta is a landform, typically triangular, created by the deposition of the sediments that are carried by the waters of a river, where the river merges with a body of slow-moving water or with a body of stagnant water

A cirque (French: [siʁk]; from the Latin word circus) is an amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion

A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions and that has been previously carried along by a glacier or ice sheet

A barchan or barkhan dune (from Kazakh бархан [bɑɾˈχɑn]) is a crescent-shaped dune

An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations

The intertidal zone, or foreshore, is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide; in other words, it is the part of the littoral zone within the tidal range

In geomorphology, a stream head cut or simply head cut (alternately headcut) is an erosional feature of some intermittent and perennial streams

A cliff-former is a geological unit of bedrock that is more resistant to erosion than overlying or underlying strata and consequently produces outcrops with high slope angles

A slope-former is a unit of bedrock which is less resistant to erosion than overlying or underlying units and consequently results in outcrops with low relative slope angles

Sandfall (sand fall or grainfall) is a term applied to a variety of forms of sedimentary transport or sedimentary features belonging to the larger category of mass wasting, and are driven by wind, water currents and gravitational forces

A shi'b in Arabic is a "gorge" or "canyon" for a usually (stationary or temporary) dry river

Bombora is an Indigenous Australian term from the Eora language for sea waves breaking over a shallow area such as a submerged rock shelf, reef, or sand bank that is located away from the shoreline and beach surf break

A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands is an area of land adjacent to a river that stretches from the banks of the river channel to the base of the enclosing valley and experiences flooding during periods of high discharge

A meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a stream

A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean

A carr is a type of waterlogged wooded terrain that, typically, represents a succession stage between the original reedy marsh and the likely eventual formation of forest in a sub-maritime climate

In hydrology and geography, armor is the association of surface pebbles, rocks or boulders with stream beds or beaches

The sub-Cambrian peneplain is an ancient, extremely flat, erosion surface (peneplain) that has been exhumed and exposed by erosion from under Cambrian strata over large swathes of Fennoscandia

The Muddus plains is a landscape type in northern Sweden characterized by its flat topography dotted with inselbergs

A piedmonttreppen or piedmont benchland is a conceived landform consisting in a succession of benches at different heights and that forms in sequence during the uplift of a geological dome

Lalu (Thai: ละลุ, pronounced [lā.lúʔ]) is a natural rock formations caused by erosion

Phae Mueang Phi (Thai: แพะเมืองผี, pronounced [pʰɛ́ʔ mɯ̄a̯ŋ pʰǐː]) is a place with original rock formations in the Phi Pan Nam Range, Thailand

Mount Wallich was a small coastal hill located near the southern coast of Singapore

A fault scarp is a small step-like offset of the ground surface in which one side of a fault has shifted vertically in relation to the other

A klippe (German for cliff or crag; plural klippen or klippes) is a geological feature of thrust fault terrains

In geology, a nappe or thrust sheet is a large sheetlike body of rock that has been moved more than 2 km (1.2 mi) or 5 km (3.1 mi) above a thrust fault from its original position

A monocline (or, rarely, a monoform) is a step-like fold in rock strata consisting of a zone of steeper dip within an otherwise horizontal or gently dipping sequence.

A diapir (; from French diapir [djapiʁ], from Ancient Greek διαπειραίνω (diapeiraínō) 'to pierce through') is a type of intrusion in which a more mobile and ductilely deformable material is forced into brittle overlying rocks

A laccolith is a body of intrusive rock with a dome-shaped upper surface and a level base, fed by a conduit from below

Palsas are peat mounds with a permanently frozen peat and mineral soil core

Braided River is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit publishing imprint of The Mountaineers Books based in Seattle, Washington

Sand or mud boils occur when water under pressure wells up through a bed of sand or dirt

A cordillera is a chain or network of mountain ranges, such as those in the west coast of the Americas

Tafoni (singular: tafone) are cavities that develop in granular rock

Scree is a collection of broken rock fragments at the base of a cliff or other steep rocky mass that has accumulated through periodic rockfall

An etchplain is a plain where the bedrock has been subject to considerable "etching" or subsurface weathering

A truncated spur is a spur, which is a ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline from a higher elevation, that ends in an inverted-V face and was produced by the erosional truncation of the spur by the action of either streams, waves, or glaciers

A calanque (French: [kalɑ̃k], "inlet"; Corsican: calanca, plural calanche or calanchi; Occitan: calanca, plural calancas) is a narrow, steep-walled inlet that is developed in limestone, dolomite, or other carbonate strata and found along the Mediterranean coast

A submarine canyon is a steep-sided valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope, sometimes extending well onto the continental shelf, having nearly vertical walls, and occasionally having canyon wall heights of up to 5 km (3 mi), from canyon floor to canyon rim, as with the Great Bahama Cany

In geology and geomorphology, a tessellated pavement is a relatively flat rock surface that is subdivided into polygons by fractures, frequently systematic joints, within the rock

An outcrop or rocky outcrop is a visible exposure of bedrock or ancient superficial deposits on the surface of the Earth and other terrestrial planets.

In structural geology, a homocline or homoclinal structure (from old Greek: homo = same, cline = inclination), is a geological structure in which the layers of a sequence of rock strata, either sedimentary or igneous, dip uniformly in a single direction having the same general inclination in terms o

The Tsingy Rouge (Red Tsingy) is a stone formation of red laterite formed by erosion of the Irodo River in the Diana Region in northern Madagascar

The arch of Cabo San Lucas is a distinctive granitic rock formation at the southern tip of Cabo San Lucas, which is itself the extreme southern end of Mexico's Baja California Peninsula

Amah Rock (Chinese: 望夫石, Mong Fu Shek, lit. "husband-watching stone") is a naturally shaped rock located on a hilltop in southwest Sha Tin District, Hong Kong.

The Al Naslaa rock (صخرة النصلة) is a landform 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the Tayma oasis in Saudi Arabia

Long Ya Men or Longyamen (simplified Chinese: 龙牙门; traditional Chinese: 龍牙門; pinyin: Lóngyámén; Malay: Batu Berlayar) or Dragon's Teeth Gate, is the name that Chinese explorer Wang Dayuan recorded for Batu Belayar, a craggy granite outcrop that formerly stood at the gateway to Keppel Harbour in Sing

Murphy's Haystacks are inselberg rock formations located at Mortana, between Streaky Bay and Port Kenny on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia

According to myth, Moso's Footprint in Samoa was made when the giant Moso stepped over to Fiji from Samoa, and the other footprint can be found on Viti Levu of Fiji

The Central Valley is a broad, elongated, flat valley that dominates the interior of California, United States

The Neandertal (, also US: , German: [neˈʔandɐtʰaːl] ; sometimes called "the Neander Valley" in English) is a small valley of the river Düssel in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located about 12 km (7.5 mi) east of Düsseldorf, the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia

Valle de la Luna (Valley of the Moon) is located 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of San Pedro de Atacama, in the north of Chile in the Cordillera de la Sal, in the Atacama Desert

The Rose Valley (Bulgarian: Розова долина, romanized: Rozova dolina) is a region in Bulgaria located just south of the Balkan Mountains, also known as "Old Mountain" in South Slavic languages, and the eastern part of the lower Sredna Gora mountain range to the south

Strathspey (Scottish Gaelic: Srath Spè, [s̪t̪ɾa ˈs̪peː]) is a region of the Scottish Highlands comprising part of the valley of the Spey

Annandale is a district of Dumfriesshire, Scotland, centred on the dale or valley of the River Annan

The Mohawk Valley of the U.S. state of New York is the area surrounding the Mohawk River, sandwiched between the Adirondack Mountains and Catskill Mountains, northwest of the Capital District

The Sacramento Valley is the area of the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California that lies north of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and is drained by the Sacramento River

Turda Gorge (Romanian: Cheile Turzii, Hungarian: Tordai-hasadék) is a natural reserve (on Hășdate River) situated 6 km west of Turda and about 15 km south-east of Cluj-Napoca, in Transylvania, Romania.

The Chablais Alps or Chablais Massive (French: Massif du Chablais, pronounced [masif dy ʃablɛ], [ʃable]) are a mountain range in the Western Alps

The San Bernardino Valley (Spanish: Valle de San Bernardino) is a valley in Southern California located at the south base of the Transverse Ranges

Wulingyuan ([ù.lǐŋ.ɥɛ̌n], Chinese: 武陵源) is a scenic and historical site in the Wulingyuan District of South Central China's Hunan Province

Valle de la Luna, also called Killa Qhichwa (Moon Valley), is a protected municipal area situated on 15 hectares of land, about 10 kilometers south of downtown La Paz, in Pedro Domingo Murillo Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia, between Mallasa and Aranjuez

The Trenta Valley (pronounced [ˈtɾeːnta]) is a valley in the Julian Alps in the northern part of the traditional Gorizia region (Slovene: Goriška) of Slovenia.

The Inntal is the valley containing the Inn river in Switzerland, Austria and Germany

The Cedar Valley of Iron County, Utah, United States is a 25-mile (40 km) long valley located in the southeast of the county, against the Hurricane Cliffs which border the Cedar Mountains and the Markagunt Plateau

The Central Valleys (Spanish: Valles Centrales) of Oaxaca, also simply known as the Oaxaca Valley, is a geographic region located within the modern-day state of Oaxaca in southeastern Mexico

Palm Valley (Western Arrarnta: Mpulungkinya, mool-ung-kin-yah), within the Finke Gorge National Park, is an east-west running valley in the Krichauff Range 123 km (138 km by road) southwest of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory, Australia

The Geisel valley (German: Geiseltal) is a valley in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, situated west of Merseburg, Saalekreis district

The Valley of Ghosts (Russian: Долина привидений; Ukrainian: Долина привидів is a valley located in Crimea made up of naturally shaped rocks on the Southern Demirci mountain, located near Alushta city

Valdelsa or Val d'Elsa is the valley of the river Elsa, in Tuscany, central Italy

Butterfly Valley, or Wu Tip Kuk (Chinese: 蝴蝶谷), is a valley in north of Lai Chi Kok in New Kowloon of Hong Kong, located between O Pui Shan and Piper's Hill.

The Kamenice Gorge (formerly also known as Kamnitz Gorge; Czech: soutěsky Kamenice, German: Kamnitzklamm) is a rocky ravine of the Kamenice River in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic

The Valle Mesolcina, also known as the Val Mesolcina or Misox (German), is an alpine valley of the Grisons, Switzerland, stretching from the San Bernardino Pass to Grono where it joins the Calanca Valley

The Valley of the Kings (Tibetan: བོད་རྗེ་པང་སོ, Wylie: bod rje bang so) or Chongye Valley is a valley in Qonggyai County, Tibet, within the People's Republic of China

The Beaver Valley is a valley in southern Ontario, Canada, at the southern tip of Georgian Bay

The Wiesental (German pronunciation: [ˈviːzn̩taːl], lit. 'Wiese Valley'), named after the river Wiese, is a valley in the Southern Black Forest

The Gila River Valley is a multi-sectioned valley of the Gila River, located primarily in Arizona

Eagle Valley is the area encompassing Carson City, Nevada

The Tennessee Valley is the drainage basin of the Tennessee River and is largely within the U.S. state of Tennessee

Spiti (pronounced as piti in Bhoti language) is a high-altitude region of the Himalayas, located in the north-eastern part of the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh

The Jordan Valley (Arabic: غَوْر الأُرْدُنّ, romanized: Ghawr al-Urdunn; Hebrew: עֵמֶק הַיַרְדֵּן, romanized: Emek HaYarden) forms part of the larger Jordan Rift Valley

The Devil's Punch Bowl is a 282.2-hectare (697-acre) visitor attraction and biological Site of Special Scientific Interest situated just to the east of the village of Hindhead in the English county of Surrey

The Dzukou Valley (also spelt Dzüko, Dzükou or Dzukuo) is a high-altitude valley in Northeast India, straddling the inter-state border of the states of Nagaland and Manipur

The Tauferer Ahrntal denotes the valley of the Ahr (Italian: Aurino) River, a tributary valley of the Puster Valley in South Tyrol, Italy

The Fox Valley-also commonly known as the Fox River Valley-is a region centered on the Fox River of Northern Illinois, along the western edges of the Chicago metropolitan area

The Zevulun Valley or Zvulun Valley (Hebrew: עמק זבולון, Emek Zvulun) is a fertile coastal territory in the North of Israel, part of the Israeli coastal plain along the Haifa Bay

Jaun Valley (German: Jauntal, Slovene: Podjuna) is a valley in Carinthia, Austria, between the upper Drava and the Karawanks, east of the city of Klagenfurt

French Valley is a region located in southwestern Riverside County, near the cities and communities of Hemet, Winchester, Murrieta, and Temecula in the state of California, United States

Imerkhevi (Georgian: იმერხევი, Turkish: İmerhev) is a valley in the north of the Şavşat district in the Artvin Province of Turkey, along the border with Georgia

Coverdale is a dale in the far east of the Yorkshire Dales, North Yorkshire, England

Fort Valley is a mountain valley located primarily in Shenandoah County, Virginia

The Alhorines Valley (Spanish: Valle de los Alhorines) is a valley and a major grain producing area of the provinces of Albacete, Alicante and Valencia in Spain

The Eggental (Italian: Val d'Ega; German: Eggental) is a valley in South Tyrol, Italy.

The Val Trompia (also: Valle Trompia) is a slightly more than 50 km long valley in the Province of Brescia, northern Italy

The Chew Valley is a river valley in north Somerset, England, named after the River Chew, which rises at Chewton Mendip, and joins the River Avon at Keynsham

A cataract bog is a rare ecological community formed where a permanent stream flows over a granite outcropping

The Dreisam Valley (German: Dreisamtal) is a valley east of the south German city of Freiburg

The Kander Neve (German: Kanderfirn) is a 6.6 km (4.1 mi) long glacier (2005) of the Bernese Alps, situated south of Kandersteg in the canton of Bern

The Burn o' Vat is a mountain stream in Deeside, Scotland, rising on Culblean Hill and flowing into Loch Kinord

Horseshoe Canyon is a region of badlands surrounded by prairie in the province of Alberta, Canada

Bumburet (Kalasha: Mumuret, Urdu: وادی بمبوریت, also spelt Bumboret or Bumburait) is the largest valley of Kalasha Desh in Lower Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

The Valassina or Vallassina is the valley of the upper tract of the river Lambro, situated in the Larian Triangle in the Province of Como, northern Italy

Snow Lake or Lukpe Lawo is a high-altitude glacial basin in the Karakoram mountain range in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of northern Pakistan

The Suldental (Italian: Val di Solda; German: Suldental) is a side valley of the Trafoi Valley in South Tyrol, Italy

The Antelope Valley adjacent to the Nevada/Utah state line, and located in southeast Elko County and northeast White Pine County, Nevada is a 70 mi (113 km) long endorheic valley

The Durnholzer Tal (Italian: Valdurna; German: Durnholzer Tal) is a tributary valley of the Sarntal in South Tyrol, Italy

The Zerzer Tal is a side valley of the Vinschgau in South Tyrol, Italy.

Valpelline is one of the side valleys of the Aosta Valley in north-western Italy

Table Mountain (Khoekhoe: Huriǂoaxa, lit. 'sea-emerging'; Afrikaans: Tafelberg) is a flat-topped mountain forming a prominent landmark overlooking the city of Cape Town in South Africa

Kit-Mikayi - also spelled Kit Mikayi, Kitmikayi, and Kitmikaye - is a rock formation, a tor, around 120 m high situated about 29 km west of the town of Kisumu in western Kenya.

Trollpikken (lit. 'the Troll's dick') is a rock formation in Eigersund Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway

A yardang is a streamlined protuberance carved from bedrock or any consolidated or semiconsolidated material by the dual action of wind abrasion by dust and sand and deflation (the removal of loose material by wind turbulence)

A tor, which is also known by geomorphologists as either a castle koppie or kopje, is a large, free-standing rock outcrop that rises abruptly from the surrounding smooth and gentle slopes of a rounded hill summit or ridge crest

An isthmus ( ISS-məs, ISTH-məs; pl.: isthmuses or isthmi -⁠my; from Ancient Greek ἰσθμός isthmós 'neck') is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated

The Perry Sandhills are located 6 km west of Wentworth, New South Wales, Australia, on the old Renmark Road, near the junction of the Murray and Darling rivers

Lithalsa is a frost-induced raised land form in permafrost areas with mineral-rich soils, where a perennial ice lens has developed within the soil

In geology and hydrology, a Yazoo stream (also called a Yazoo tributary) is any tributary stream that runs parallel to, and within the floodplain of a larger river for considerable distance, before eventually joining it

The Ciudad Encantada (English: Enchanted City) is a geological site near the city of Cuenca, in the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, in which the erosive forces of weather and the waters of the nearby Júcar river have formed rocks into distinctive and memorable shapes

The Logar Valley (Slovene: Logarska dolina, Logarjeva dolina) is a valley in the Kamnik Alps, in the Municipality of Solčava, Slovenia

Vestfjorddalen is a valley in Tinn Municipality in Telemark county, Norway

Schlatt or Flatt is the Lower Saxon name for a heathland pond, an undrained body of water usually shallow, that is fed by surface water and is largely unaffected by ground water

Inverted relief, inverted topography, or topographic inversion refers to landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features

A windstreak is a planetary surface feature of aeolian origin characterized by an albedo that contrasts with surrounding surface in an elongated pattern

In the Earth sciences, a palaeochannel, also spelled paleochannel, is a significant length of a river or stream channel which no longer conveys fluvial discharge as part of an active fluvial system

Dune 7, located outside of Walvis Bay and became a landmark as it was 7 miles from the town centre

The Rock of Guatapé (Spanish: Peñón de Guatapé) (Tahamí language: Mojarrá) is a landmark inselberg in Colombia.

The Serra dos Órgãos ("Organ Range") is a mountain range in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The Mulanje Massif, also known as Mount Mulanje, is a large inselberg and World Heritage Site in southern Malawi.

Mount Sanqing (Chinese: 三清山; pinyin: Sānqīng Shān) is a renowned Taoist sacred mountain located 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Yushan County in Jiangxi Province.

Lion's Head is a mountain in Cape Town, South Africa, between Table Mountain and Signal Hill.

Auyán-tepui (Spanish pronunciation: [awˈʝan teˈpuj]), also spelled Ayan, is a tepui in Bolívar state, Venezuela.

Kukenán, also known as Matawi or Cuquenán, is a tepui in Bolívar State, Guayana Region, Venezuela.

The Chimantá Massif is a highly fragmented complex of tepuis in Bolívar state, Venezuela.

Cerro Sarisariñama is a tepui, a flat-topped mountain in Jaua-Sarisariñama National Park at the far south-west of Bolívar State, Venezuela, near the border with Brazil.

Sugarloaf Mountain is a small (1,283 feet; 391 m) mountain and park about 10 miles (16 km) south of Frederick, Maryland.

Hårteigen is a characteristic mountain in Vestland county, Norway.

Hanging Rock, also known as Bear's Paw (Yonah‑wayah in Cherokee), is a mountain in the North Carolina High Country, next to the town of Seven Devils.

The Ötztal (German: [ˈœt͡sˌtaːl] ) is an alpine valley located in Tyrol, Austria.

The Kuma-Manych Depression (Russian: Кумо-Манычская впадина, romanized: Kumo-Manychskaya vpadina), also called the Kuma-Manych Lowland or the Manych Trench, is a long, narrow geological depression in southwestern Russia that separates the Russian Plain to the north from the Ciscaucasian foreland to the south.

Haukadalur (Icelandic: [ˈhœyːkaˌtaːlʏr̥] , from Old Norse: Haukadalr [ˈhɔukɑˌdɑlz̠], "hawk dale" or "valley of hawks") is a valley in Bláskógabyggð municipality, found in the Southern Region of Iceland.

The Kłodzko Valley (Polish: Kotlina Kłodzka, Czech: Kladská kotlina, German: Glatzer Kessel) is a valley in the Sudetes mountain range that covers the central part of Kłodzko County in south-western Poland, with the southern tip extending to the Czech Republic around the town of Králíky.

The Bärenschützklamm ("Bärenschütz Gorge") is a narrow valley in the Graz Highlands in the Austrian Central Alps.

Stjørdalen is a valley and a traditional district in Trøndelag county, Norway.

The Dyje-Svratka Valley (Czech: Dyjsko-svratecký úval) is a valley and a geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic.

The A Shau Valley (Vietnamese: thung lũng A Sầu) is a valley in Vietnam's Huế province, along the border of Laos.

The Beit She'an Valley (Hebrew: בקעת בית שאן or Hebrew: עמק בית שאן) is a valley in Israel.

Mount Baldy is a sand dune located in Indiana Dunes National Park in Indiana, USA.

The Onsernone Valley (Italian: Valle Onsernone, German: Onsernonetal), is one of the principal valleys of the Locarno District, in the Swiss Canton of Ticino.

Gader Valley (Slovak: Gaderská dolina) is a long valley in the Greater Fatra Range in Central Slovakia.

The Höllental (German pronunciation: [ˈhœlənˌtaːl], lit. 'Hell's Valley') in the Black Forest is a deep valley - in places like a gorge - in the state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

The Höllental (German pronunciation: [ˈhœlənˌtaːl], lit. 'Hell's Valley') in Lower Austria is a narrow valley between the steep limestone massifs of the Schneeberg and Rax through which the River Schwarza flows.

Råbjerg Mile is a migrating coastal dune between Skagen and Frederikshavn, Denmark.

In South America, the word médanos refers to continental dunes whereas dunas refers to dunes of coastal origin.

A stack or sea stack is a coastal geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast, formed by wave erosion.

Peña de Bernal (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpeɲa ðe βeɾˈnal]; English: Bernal's Boulder or Bernal Peak) is a 433-metre (1,421 ft) monolith, one of the tallest in the world.

In geography, hydrography, and fluvial geomorphology, a thalweg or talweg () is the line or curve of lowest elevation within a valley or watercourse.

The Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area in Clark County, Nevada, United States, is an area managed by the Bureau of Land Management as part of its National Landscape Conservation System, and protected as a National Conservation Area.

Valley of Fire State Park is a public recreation and nature preservation area covering nearly 46,000 acres (19,000 ha) located 16 miles (26 km) south of Overton, Nevada.

Waterberg Plateau Park is a national park in central Namibia on the Waterberg Plateau, 68 kilometres (42 mi) south-east of Otjiwarongo.

The Namib (, NAH-mib; Portuguese: Namibe) is a coastal desert in Southern Africa.

Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is a national park of the United States that conserves an area of large sand dunes on the eastern edge of the San Luis Valley, and an adjacent national preserve in the Sangre de Cristo Range, in south-central Colorado.

Badlands National Park (Lakota: Makȟóšiča) is a national park of the United States in southwestern South Dakota.

The La Brea Tar Pits constitute an active paleontological research site located in urban Los Angeles, California, United States.

Joggins is a rural community located in western Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Mount Tabor (; Hebrew: הַר תָּבוֹר, romanized: Har Tavor; Arabic: جبل طابور, romanized: Jabal Ṭābūr), sometimes spelled Mount Thabor, is a large hill of biblical significance in the Lower Galilee, Israel, at the eastern end of the Jezreel Valley, 18 kilometres (11 miles) west of the Sea of Galilee.

The Tsodilo Hills (Tswana: Lefelo la Tsodilo) are a UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS), consisting of rock art, rock shelters, depressions, and caves in Botswana, Southern Africa.

The Chamundi Hill is located 13 km east of Mysore, Karnataka, India.

Old Harry Rocks are three chalk formations, including a stack and a stump, located at Handfast Point, on the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset, southern England.

Mount Thor, officially gazetted as Thor Peak (Inuktitut syllabics: ᙯᕐᓱᐊᓗᒃ, Inuktitut: Qaisualuk "huge bedrock", or Kigutinnguaq "tooth-like"), in Nunavut, Canada, is a mountain with an elevation of 1,675 m (5,495 ft) located in Auyuittuq National Park, on Baffin Island.

A cape is a clothing accessory or a sleeveless outer garment of any length that hangs loosely and connects either at the neck or shoulders.

Pediments are a form of gable in classical architecture, usually of a triangular shape.

Island Arc is a peer-reviewed quarterly scientific journal established in 1992, covering "Earth Sciences of Convergent Plate Margins and Related Topics".

A submerged continent or a sunken continent is a region of continental crust, extensive in size but mainly undersea.

A plunge pool (or plunge basin or waterfall lake) is a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall or shut-in.

A cliffed coast, also called an abrasion coast, is a form of coast where the action of marine waves has formed steep cliffs that may or may not be precipitous.

A pinnacle is an architectural element originally forming the cap or crown of a buttress or small turret, but afterwards used on parapets at the corners of towers and in many other situations.

Abyssal fans, also known as deep-sea fans, underwater deltas, and submarine fans, are underwater geological structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition and formed by turbidity currents.

A baïne is a pool of water of a few dozen to several hundred metres in length, parallel to the beach and directly connected to the sea.

Hügelland (German: [ˈhyːɡl̩ˌlant] ) is a type of landscape consisting of low rolling hills whose topography or surface structure lies between that of a lowland region (plains or river terraces) and that of a more rugged hill range or low mountain range.

Velma (plural velme) is a Venetian dialect term derived from "melma" (mud).

A coast (also called the coastline, shoreline, or seashore) is the land next to the sea or the line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake.

Đavolja Varoš (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђавоља варош, lit. "Devil's Town") is a rock formation consisting of about 200 earth pyramids or "towers", located in southern Serbia on the Radan Mountain, in the municipality of Kuršumlija.

A rocky shore is an intertidal area of seacoasts where solid rock predominates.

Aeolian landforms, or Eolian landforms, are produced by either the erosive or depositive action of wind.

Windwatt (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪntvat]) is a mudflat exposed as a result of wind action on water.

An ocean bank, sometimes referred to as a fishing bank or simply bank, is a part of the seabed that is shallow compared to its surrounding area, such as a shoal or the top of an underwater hill.

A canyon (from Spanish cañón; archaic British English spelling: cañon), gorge or chasm, is a deep cleft between escarpments or cliffs resulting from weathering and the erosive activity of a river over geologic time scales.

A Pinge ([ˈpɪŋə], plural: Pingen) or Binge ('binger') is the name given in German-speaking Europe to a wedge-, ditch- or funnel-shaped depression in the terrain caused by mining activity.

An oxbow lake is a U-shaped lake or pool that forms when a wide meander of a river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water.

An alder carr is a particular type of carr, i.e. waterlogged wooded terrain populated with alder trees.

An anchialine system (, from Greek ankhialos 'near the sea') is a landlocked body of water with a subterranean connection to the ocean.

Salt pannes and pools are water retaining depressions located within salt and brackish marshes.

The paleic surface or palaeic surface (Norwegian: paleiske overflaten, from Ancient Greek palaios 'old') is an erosion surface of gentle slopes that exist in South Norway.

The Sub-Paleogene surface is an ancient erosion surface that exists in southern England.

The Schooley peneplain is a peneplain in the eastern Appalachians extending from the US state of New Jersey into Pine Mountain in Kentucky.

The Borsu surface (Swedish: Borsuytan) is an erosion surface found as valley benches in the northern Scandinavian Mountains.

The Devils Garden in Garfield County, Utah, United States, is a protected area featuring hoodoos, natural arches and other sandstone formations.

Tower karst are tall rock structures made up of soluble rock such as limestone.

A salt dome is a type of structural dome formed when rock salt (or other evaporite minerals) pushes into overlying rocks in a process known as diapirism.

A blockfield (also spelt block field), felsenmeer, boulder field or stone field is a surface covered by boulder- or block-sized rocks usually associated with a history of volcanic activity, alpine and subpolar climates and periglaciation.

A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains and typically containing a river or stream running from one end to the other.

U-shaped valleys, also called trough valleys or glacial troughs, are formed by the process of glaciation.

An outwash plain, also called a sandur (plural: sandurs), sandr or sandar, is a plain formed of glaciofluvial deposits due to meltwater outwash at the terminus of a glacier.

A Rogen moraine, also called ribbed moraine, is a subglacially (i.e. under a glacier or ice sheet) formed type of moraine landform, that mainly occurs in Fennoscandia, Scotland, Ireland and Canada.

In geology, a proglacial lake (ice-marginal lake), is a lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine during the retreat of a melting glacier a glacial ice dam, or by meltwater trapped against an ice sheet due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice.

In geology, a basin is a region where subsidence generates accommodation space for the deposition of sediments.

A dissected plateau is a plateau area that has been severely eroded, and the relief is sharp.

A cut bank, also known as a river cliff or river-cut cliff, is the outside bank of a curve (meander) in a water channel (stream), which is continually undergoing erosion.

In geology and geomorphology, a valley created by erosion and with little or no sympathy for bedrock structure is labelled an epigenetic valley.

A wind gap (or air gap) is a gap through which a waterway once flowed that is now dry as a result of stream capture.

Fluvial terraces are elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and fluvial valleys all over the world.

The region between the current leading edge of the glacier and the moraines of latest maximum is called glacier foreland or glacier forefield.

Glen Roy (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Ruaidh, meaning "red glen") in the Lochaber area of the Highlands of Scotland is a glen noted for the geological phenomenon of three loch terraces known as the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy.

Babele (meaning The old women) is the name for an area on the Bucegi Mountains plateau in Romania, within the Southern Carpathians.

Raouché (Arabic: الروشة, romanized: ar-Rawše) is a residential and commercial neighborhood in Beirut, Lebanon.

The Jeti-Ögüz Rocks is a geological protected area (nature monument) located in Jeti-Ögüz District of Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan.

Zhangye National Geopark (simplified Chinese: 张掖国家地质公园; traditional Chinese: 張掖國家地質公園; pinyin: Zhāngyè Guójiā Dìzhìgōngyuán) is located in Sunan and Linze counties within the prefecture-level city of Zhangye, in Gansu, China.

The Ossola (Italian: [ˈɔssola]; Ossolano: Òssola), also Valle Ossola or Val d'Ossola (Walser: Eschetaal; German: Eschental), is an area of Northwest Italy situated to the north of Lago Maggiore.

The Calchaquí Valley (Spanish: Valles Calchaquíes) is an area in the northwestern region of Argentina which crosses the provinces of Catamarca, Tucumán, Jujuy and Salta.

Wādī al-Ḥītān (Arabic: وادي الحيتان, lit. 'Wadi of the Whales' Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈwa.diː elˈħit.æːn] ) is a paleontological site in the Faiyum Governorate of Egypt, some 150 kilometres (93 mi) south-west of Cairo.

Ischigualasto Provincial Park (Spanish: Parque Provincial Ischigualasto), also called Valle de la Luna ("Valley of the Moon" or "Moon Valley"), due to its moon-like appearance, is a provincial protected area in the north-east of San Juan Province, north-western Argentina, limiting to the north with the Talampaya National Park, in La Rioja Province.

The Höllental (German pronunciation: [ˈhœlənˌtaːl], lit. 'Hell's Valley') is one of the routes on the German side leading up the Zugspitze on the German-Austrian border in the northern Alps.

The Vallée du Rhône (French pronunciation: [vale dy ʁon]; Occitan: Vall del Ròne) of Rhône Valley is a region located on either side of the Rhône, downstream from Lyon, in the south-east of France.

Eureka Valley is located in Inyo County, in eastern California in the southwestern United States.

Aezkoa Valley is an administrative unit of Navarre, Spain.

A raised beach, coastal terrace, or perched coastline is a relatively flat, horizontal or gently inclined surface of marine origin, mostly an old abrasion platform which has been lifted out of the sphere of wave activity (sometimes called "tread").

An inverted river delta is a river delta in which the narrow end of the delta emerges on the seafront and the wide end is located further inland, so that with respect to the seafront, the locations of both ends of the delta are inverted.

A steep coast is a stretch of coastline where the mainland descends abruptly into the sea.

A surge channel is a narrow inlet, usually on a rocky shoreline, and is formed by differential erosion of those rocks by coastal wave action.

An alluvial fan is an accumulation of sediments that fans outwards from a concentrated source of sediments, such as a narrow canyon emerging from an escarpment.

A summit accordance (sometimes also known by the German loan word gipfelflur) exists when hills and mountaintops, and eventually also plateaux, have such a disposition that they form a geometric plane that may be either horizontal or tilted.

A kame delta (or ice-contact delta, morainic delta) is a glacial landform formed by a stream of melt water flowing through or around a glacier and depositing material, known as kame (stratified sequence of sediments) deposits.

An outwash fan is a fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier.

A flared slope is a landform consisting in a rock-wall with a smooth transition into a concavity at the foot zone.

A crevasse splay is a sedimentary fluvial deposit that forms when a stream breaks its natural or artificial levees and deposits sediment on a floodplain.

An ingression coast or depressed coast is a generally level coastline that is shaped by the penetration of the sea as a result of crustal movements or a rise in the sea level.

A raised shoreline is an ancient shoreline exposed above current water level.

A reef knoll is a landform that comprises an immense pile of calcareous material that had previously accumulated on an ancient sea floor.

The Iowan Erosion Surface (IES) is a geographic region located mostly in northeastern Iowa and extends into southeastern Minnesota.

A rock shelter (also rockhouse, crepuscular cave, bluff shelter, or abri) is a shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff.