Oceanography

Ross Island is an island in Antarctica lying on the east side of McMurdo Sound and extending 43 nautical miles (80 km; 49 mi) from Cape Bird in the north to Cape Armitage in the south, and a similar distance from Cape Royds in the west to Cape Crozier in the east

Mitre Peak (Māori: Rahotu) is a mountain in the South Island of New Zealand; it is located on the shore of Milford Sound.

Tokangawhā / Split Apple Rock is a rock formation in Tasman Bay / Te Tai-o-Aorere off the northern coast of the South Island of New Zealand

A promontory is a raised mass of land that projects into a lowland or a body of water (in which case it is a peninsula)

In physical geography, a fjord ( FYORD, fee-ORD; also spelled fiord, a variant most common in New Zealand English) is a long, relatively narrow sea inlet with steep sides or cliffs in a valley created by a former glacier, which has since become inundated with water

An atoll () is a ring-shaped island, including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon

A coastal plain (also coastal plains, coastal lowland, coastal lowlands) is an area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast

A raised coral atoll or uplifted coral atoll is an atoll that has been lifted high enough above sea level by tectonic forces, protecting it from scouring by storms and enabling soils and diverse - often endemic - species of flora and fauna to develop.

A wave-cut platform, shore platform, coastal bench, or wave-cut cliff is the narrow flat area often found at the base of a sea cliff or along the shoreline of a lake, bay, or sea that was created by erosion

A pressure ridge is a linear pile-up of sea ice fragments formed in pack ice by accumulation in the convergence between floes in an oceanic or coastal environment

Presque-isle (from the French presqu'île, meaning almost island) is a geographical term denoting a piece of land which is closer to being an island than most peninsulas because of its being joined to the mainland by an extremely narrow neck of land.

A barachois is a type of coastal lagoon partially or totally separated from the ocean by a sand or shingle bar

A sand island is an island that is mostly made of sand

A shoal is a natural submerged ridge, bank, or bar that consists of, or is covered by, sand or other unconsolidated material, and rises from the bed of a body of water close to the surface or above it, which poses a danger to navigation

A gut is a narrow coastal body of water, a channel or strait, usually one that is subject to strong tidal currents flowing back and forth.

A coastal waterfall is a waterfall that plunges directly into the sea

An archipelagic apron is a fan-shaped gently sloping region of sea floor found around oceanic islands, particularly in the south Pacific Ocean

A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by a narrow landform, such as a reef, a barrier island or islands, a barrier peninsula, or an isthmus

A strait is a water body connecting two seas or water basins

An islet (, EYE-lət) is generally a small island

In geography, a sound is a smaller body of water usually connected to a sea or an ocean

An archipelago ( AR-kə-PEL-ə-goh), sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands

In physical geography and hydrology, a channel is a landform on which a relatively narrow body of water is situated, such as a river, river delta or strait

Duckbill was a sandstone hoodoo rock formation at Cape Kiwanda State Natural Area, in the U.S. state of Oregon

A pseudo-atoll, like an atoll, is an island that encircles a lagoon, either partially or completely

Tegnue (singular tegnua) are rock formations which have developed in the sea bottom of the Gulf of Venice, in the northern Adriatic Sea

Moaning sandbars are harbor shoals that are known for tidal noises

A seamount is a large submarine landform that rises from the ocean floor without reaching the water surface (sea level), and thus is not an island, islet, or cliff-rock

A skerry ( SKERR-ee) is a small rocky island, or islet, usually too small for human habitation

A tidal island is a raised area of land within a body of water, which is connected to the larger mainland by a natural isthmus or man-made causeway that is exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide, causing the land to switch between being a promontory/peninsula and an island depending on tidal

The Three Sisters are a land formation near Victoria West, Northern Cape, South Africa, consisting of three distinctively shaped hills

Ayo Rock Formations are monolithic rock boulders located on the island of Aruba in the Caribbean, near Ayo village and about 3.2 km (2.0 mi) from the defunct natural bridge towards Casibari

Lange Anna ("Tall Anna"), is a 47-metre-high (154 ft) sea stack of Buntsandstein in the North Sea island of Heligoland, Germany

Tanah Lot (Balinese: ᬢᬦᬄᬮᭀᬢ᭄) is a rock formation off the Indonesian island of Bali

Yehliu (Chinese: 野柳; pinyin: Yěliǔ), also referred to as Yehliu Promontory, is a cape, headland, and promontory in Wanli District, New Taipei, Taiwan

The Penghu ( PUNG-HOO, Hokkien POJ: Phîⁿ-ô͘ or Phêⁿ-ô͘ ) or Pescadores Islands are an archipelago of 90 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait, about 50 kilometres (25 nautical miles) west of the main island of Taiwan across the Penghu Channel, covering an area of 141 km2 (54 sq mi)

Okinotori Island (沖ノ鳥島, Okinotori-shima), or Parece Vela, is a coral reef, geologically an atoll, with two rocks enlarged with tetrapod-cement structures

The Leeward Islands (French: îles Sous-le-Vent, pronounced [il suləvɑ̃], lit. 'Under-the-Wind Islands'; Tahitian: Fenua Raro Mata’i) are the western part of the Society Islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France, in the South Pacific Ocean

St Kilda (Scottish Gaelic: Hiort) is a remote archipelago situated 35 nautical miles (65 kilometres) west-northwest of North Uist in the North Atlantic Ocean

Kinmen, alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands and a county of the Republic of China (Taiwan), only 10 km (6 mi) east from the city of Xiamen in Fujian, located at the southeastern coast of the People's Republic of China, from which they are separated by Xiamen Bay

The Windward Islands are a group of islands in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies in the Caribbean region of the Americas, situated where the southeastern Caribbean Sea meets the western North Atlantic Ocean

The Thousand Islands (French: Mille-Îles, pronounced [mil il]) constitute a North American archipelago of 1,864 islands that straddles the Canada-US border in the Saint Lawrence River as it emerges from the northeast corner of Lake Ontario

Andros is an archipelago in The Bahamas

The Solomon Islands archipelago is an island group in the western South Pacific Ocean, north-east of Australia

The Lucayan Archipelago, also known as the Bahamian Archipelago, is an island group comprising the sovereign nation of the Bahamas and the British Overseas Territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean

The Gambier Islands (French: Îles Gambier or Archipel des Gambier) are an archipelago in French Polynesia, located at the southeast terminus of the Tuamotu archipelago

The Bass Islands (French: Îles Bass or Îlots Bass) consist primarily of Rapa Iti (27°35′00″S 144°20′00″W) and Marotiri (27°55′00″S 143°26′00″W)

The Archipelago of Lavezzi (French: Îles Lavezzi; Corsican: Isuli Lavezzi; Italian: Isole di Lavezzi) is a collection of small granite islands and reefs in the Strait of Bonifacio that separates Corsica from Sardinia in the Mediterranean Sea

Grip (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈɡriːp]) is an archipelago and deserted fishing village in Kristiansund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway

The Seven Brothers Islands, also known as the Sawabi Islands or Seba Islands, is an archipelago in the Dact-el-Mayun section of the Bab-el-Mandeb strait (between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden)

The Copeland Islands is a group of three islands in the north Irish Sea, north of Donaghadee, County Down, Northern Ireland, consisting of Lighthouse Island (also known as Old Island), Copeland Island (also known as Big Island) and Mew Island

The Reef Islands are a loose collection of 16 islands in Temotu Province, in the independent nation of Solomon Islands

Winslow Reef is a submerged coral reef of the southern Cook Islands, located 133 kilometres (83 miles) northwest of Rarotonga, at 20°38′S 160°56′W. It is a shallow platform reef

The Magdalen Islands (French: Îles de la Madeleine, pronounced [il də la madlɛn]) are a Canadian archipelago in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

The Archipelago of Lake Saint Pierre counts 103 islands in the western part of Lake Saint Pierre, in the Canadian province of Quebec

Mapia Atoll (Indonesian: Kepulauan Mapia), historically known as the Freewill Islands or San David, is an atoll in the Pacific Ocean

Tambelan Islands is a group of 68 islands off the west coast of West Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia, just north of the equator

Whitsun Reef, also known as Whitson Reef, Whitsum Reef, and Julian Felipe Reef (Filipino: Bahura ng Julian Felipe; Mandarin Chinese: 牛轭礁; pinyin: Niú è jiāo; Vietnamese: Đá Ba Đầu), is a reef at the northeast extreme limit of the Union Banks in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea

The Letti Islands (Kepulauan Letti) of Indonesia are part of the Maluku Islands, in southwest Maluku Province. (The spelling Leti Islands is also used sometimes.) They are also called the "Lemola" Archipelago, from the initial two letters of each of the three main islands, Letti, Moa and Lakor; each

The Malvinas Islands are three round islands located south of Puerto Sánchez in the General Carrera Lake, Aisén Region of Chile

The Hen and Chicken Islands, usually known as the Hen and Chickens, lie to the east of the Northland Peninsula off the coast of northern New Zealand

The Biak Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Biak, also Schouten Islands or Geelvink Islands) are an island group of Papua province, eastern Indonesia in the Cenderawasih Bay (or Geelvink Bay) 50 km off the north-western coast of the island of New Guinea

The Small Isles are a group of uninhabited islands east of Jura, in the council area of Argyll and Bute, Scotland

The Rabbit Islands (58.53°N 04.40°W / 58.53; -04.40 NC602631) are a group of three uninhabited small islands off the north coast of Sutherland, Scotland in Tongue Bay

Kalydon (Greek: Καλυδών) is an uninhabited island area near to and belonging to Elounda, Crete, Greece

The Overton Islands are a small chain of islands in Lake Mead, Nevada, in the Lake Mead National Recreation Area

The Madalena Islets (Portuguese: Ilhéus da Madalena) are two uninhabited islets located in the Faial-Pico Channel about 0.5 nautical miles (0.93 km; 0.58 mi) away from Madalena harbor, off the coast of the island of Pico in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores

Pachia (Greek: Παχειά) is an islet in the Cyclades in Greece

The Huaura Islands are an archipelago in Peru, comprising uninhabited islands and islets located in the Pacific Ocean

Sandy Cay is a small coral reef in the northern Thitu Reefs of the Spratly Islands, West Philippines Sea

Kallang Basin (Chinese: 加冷盆地; Malay: Lembangan Kallang) is an enclosed bay in Kallang, Singapore

Oceanic trenches are prominent, long, narrow topographic depressions of the ocean floor

A continental shelf is a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water, known as a shelf sea

Cuspate forelands, also known as cuspate barriers or nesses in Britain, are geographical features found on coastlines and lakeshores that are created primarily by longshore drift

A sea is a very large body of salty water

An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water where freshwater from rivers or streams meets and mixes with saltwater from the open sea

The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of Earth

Firth is a word in the English and Scots languages used to denote various coastal waters in the United Kingdom, predominantly within Scotland

The North Sea is part of the Atlantic Ocean in northern Europe

The Northeastern United States Continental Shelf (NEUS) is the large marine ecosystem designated by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that occupies the portion of the continental shelf of the Atlantic Ocean

The continental shelf of Chile is the underwater extension adjacent to the Chilean coasts that stretches from the shoreline to the edge of the continental shelf in the Pacific Ocean and the Southern Ocean

Pythia's Oasis is a cold seep on the ocean floor 50 miles (80 km) off the coast of Newport, Oregon, United States (44°29′00″N 125°4′00″W), characterized by a focused stream of highly altered fluid that is approximately 9 °C (16 °F) above normal ocean background temperature

Blå Jungfrun, also known as "Blåkulla", in English sometimes rendered literally as The Blue Maiden is a Swedish island in the Baltic Sea.

Orkney (), also known as the Orkney Islands, is an archipelago off the north coast of mainland Scotland.

Palagruža (pronounced [palǎɡruːʒa];) is a small Croatian archipelago in the middle of the Adriatic Sea.

The Kornati archipelago (pronounced [kɔ̝rnǎːti]) of Croatia, also known as the Stomorski islands, is located in the northern part of Dalmatia, south from Zadar and west from Šibenik, in the Šibenik-Knin County.

The Surin Islands (Thai: หมู่เกาะสุริน, romanized: muu gaw soo rin, Thai pronunciation: [mùː kɔ̀ʔ sùrin]) is a continental archipelago of five islands in the Andaman Sea, 55 kilometres (34 mi) from the Thai mainland.

Værlandet is an island in Askvoll Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.

Îles Saint-Marcouf comprise two small uninhabited islands off the coast of Normandy, France.

The Luleå archipelago (Swedish: Luleå skärgård or Lule skärgård) is a group of Swedish islands in the north part of the Bay of Bothnia.

The Gotō Islands (五島列島, Gotō-rettō; literally: "five-island archipelago") are Japanese islands in the Sea of Japan.

Lobos de Afuera is a small, rocky Peruvian archipelago lying in the eastern Pacific Ocean some 54 km off the coast of the Pimentel District of Peru.

Bogskär is a small group of Baltic Sea islets off the southernmost tip of Finland.

The îles de Boynes (French pronunciation: [il də bwan]) or Boynes Islands, are four small rocky islands of the Kerguelen archipelago, lying some 30 kilometres (19 miles) south of Presqu'ile Rallier du Baty on the main island, just south of the 50 south parallel (50°01′S 68°52′E).

Ona is a village and an island group located in Ålesund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.

Vegaøyan (Norwegian) or the Vega Archipelago (English) is a group of islands in the Norwegian Sea in Nordland county, Norway.

The Campbell Islands (Motu Ihupuku or Campbell Island Group) are a group of subantarctic islands, belonging to New Zealand.

Shaab Abu Nuhas, or Shaʽb Abu Nuħas (Arabic: شعب أبو النحاس, romanized: Shaʿb Abū an-Nuḥās), is a triangular-shaped coral reef northwest of Shadwan Island in the northern Red Sea off Hurghada.

The Albufera de València (Valencian: [albuˈfeɾa ðe vaˈlensia]) is a freshwater lagoon and estuary on the Gulf of Valencia coast of the Valencian Community in eastern Spain.

Mar Menor (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌmaɾ meˈnoɾ], "minor/smaller sea") is a coastal saltwater lagoon in the Iberian Peninsula located south-east of the Autonomous Community of Murcia, Spain, near Cartagena.

An ocean bank, sometimes referred to as a fishing bank or simply bank, is a part of the seabed that is shallow compared to its surrounding area, such as a shoal or the top of an underwater hill.

The Bonin Islands, also known as the Ogasawara Islands (Japanese: 小笠原諸島), are a Japanese archipelago of over 30 subtropical and tropical islands located around 1,000 kilometers (620 mi) SSE of Tokyo and 1,600 kilometers (1,000 mi) northwest of Guam.

The Twelve Apostles are a collection of limestone stacks off the shore of Port Campbell National Park, by the Great Ocean Road in Victoria, Australia.

A megatsunami is an extremely large wave created by a substantial and sudden displacement of material into a body of water.

A gat (Dutch: zeegat, gat; German: Seegatt, Seegat or diminutive Gatje) is an inshore channel or strait connecting coastal waters with the open sea or dividing two landmasses, such as two islands or an island and a peninsula.

A tied island or land-tied island is a landform consisting of an island that is connected to the mainland or another island only by a tombolo, which is an isthmus of beach materials connected to land at both ends.

The Ningaloo Coast is a World Heritage Site located in the north west coastal region of Western Australia.

The Tremiti Islands (Italian: Isole Tremiti, Italian pronunciation: [ˈiːzole ˈtrɛːmiti]), also literarily known as Isole Diomedee ("Diomedean Islands", from Greek Διομήδεες Diomédees), are an archipelago in the Adriatic Sea, some 10 miles (16 km) offshore to the north of the Gargano Peninsula.

The Îles de la Madeleine (French pronunciation: [il də la madlɛn]) lie west of Dakar in Senegal.

A tide pool or rock pool is a shallow pool of seawater that forms on the rocky intertidal shore.

A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where seepage of fluids rich in hydrogen sulfide, methane, and other hydrocarbons occurs, often in the form of a brine pool.