The people who studied, measured and mapped the physical earth: geologists, oceanographers, meteorologists, seismologists, volcanologists, geophysicists, climatologists, mineralogists, hydrologists, geochronologists and geochemists, from James Hutton and Charles Lyell in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to today's working climate and ocean scientists. Grouped here by primary documented field. Belongs here: a real, named individual whose defining work is an earth-science discipline this atlas covers. Does not belong here: an organization or institution, held under a separate type where this atlas defines one, or a person whose defining field belongs to a different atlas entirely, such as biology or pure mathematics, even where their career touched earth science in passing.