Sedimentation

Sedimentation is the deposition of sediments.

Limestone is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains, cemented together by another mineral

Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g., kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as layers called coal seams

Flint, occasionally flintstone (SiO2), is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone

Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock

Chert () is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt

An evaporite () is a water-soluble sedimentary mineral deposit caused by the concentration and crystallization (chemical precipitation) that results when enough of the water solvent evaporates from an aqueous solution

Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds

Ironstone is a sedimentary rock, either deposited directly as a ferruginous sediment or created by chemical replacement, that contains a substantial proportion of an iron ore compound from which iron (Fe) can be smelted commercially

It thought to have been deposited in a semi-arid lacustrine wetland environment

It was deposited during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, between about 76.5 and 74.4 million years ago

Part of the Colorado Plateau, this formation was deposited during the Jurassic Period sometime between 180 and 140 million years ago in various environments, including tidal mudflats, beaches, and sand dunes

It was deposited in a marine environment, and is known for its exceptionally preserved fossils, filling an important preservational window beyond the earlier and more common Cambrian Burgess shale-type deposits

The Green River Formation is an Eocene geologic formation that records the sedimentation in a group of intermountain lakes in three basins along the present-day Green River in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah

It is a series of fresh and brackish-water clays, mudstones, and sandstones deposited during the Maastrichtian and Danian (respectively, the end of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Paleogene) by fluvial activity in fluctuating river channels and deltas and very occasional peaty swamp deposits along the lo

New uranium-lead dates reveal the formation is deposited in the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous

The conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones of the 560 m (1,840 ft) thick formation were deposited in terrestrial lacustrine, alluvial, fluvial and deltaic environments

The Nama Group is a 125,000 square kilometres (48,000 sq mi) megaregional Ediacaran group of stratigraphic sequences deposited in the Nama foreland basin in central and southern Namibia

The Niobrara Formation , also called the Niobrara Chalk, is a geologic formation in North America that was deposited between 87 and 82 million years ago during the Coniacian, Santonian, and Campanian stages of the Late Cretaceous

The Pierre Shale is of marine origin and was deposited in the Western Interior Seaway

Posidonia Shale, which was deposited under strongly reducing conditions during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event, trapped and exceptionally preserved complete fossils of marine fish and reptiles

Deposited in still waters, the unit lacks bioturbation, perhaps indicating anoxic conditions

The formations of the group were deposited in a lacustrine to subtidal shallow marine environment in the Araripe rift basin

The Wealden group consists of paralic to continental (freshwater) facies sedimentary rocks of Berriasian to Aptian age and thus forms part of the English Lower Cretaceous

The Willwood Formation is a sedimentary sequence deposited during the late Paleocene to early Eocene, or Clarkforkian, Wasatchian and Bridgerian in the NALMA classification.

Torridonian is the informal name given to a sequence of Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks that outcrop in a strip along the northwestern coast of Scotland and some parts of the Inner Hebrides from the Isle of Mull in the southwest to Cape Wrath in the northeast

Barachois features often form as a result of sediment deposition in the delta of a river or, in some locations such as Miquelon Island, by a tombolo.

A chevron is a wedge-shaped sediment deposit observed on coastlines and continental interiors around the world

Sediment and alluvium are deposited on the banks and settle, forming a ridge that increases the river channel's capacity

A river delta is a landform, typically triangular, created by the deposition of the sediments that are carried by the waters of a river, where the river merges with a body of slow-moving water or with a body of stagnant water

A point bar is a depositional feature made of alluvium that accumulates on the inside bend of streams and rivers below the slip-off slope

A peresyp or mouth bar is a deposit of the sediment transported by the river-i.e., a shoal or sandbar-at the river mouth, typically in mid-channel

Strand plains typically are created by the redistribution by waves and longshore currents of coarse sediment on either side of a river mouth

They form approximately 40 percent of aeolian depositional surfaces

The soils usually consist of clays, silts, sands, and gravels deposited during floods

It is produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank (cut bank or river cliff) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex bank which is typically a point bar.

The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock found in the western United States which has been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America.

The Burgess Shale is a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada.

The Chinle Formation is an Upper Triassic continental geological formation of fluvial, lacustrine, and palustrine to eolian deposits spread across the U.S. states of Nevada, Utah, northern Arizona, western New Mexico, and western Colorado.

The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Late Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous age and occurs in southern and eastern England and in the North Sea.

The supergroup consists of a sequence of units, mostly of nonmarine origin, deposited between the Late Carboniferous and Early Jurassic, a period of about 120 million years.

The Two Medicine Formation is a geological formation, or rock body, in northwestern Montana and southern Alberta that was deposited between 82.4 Ma and 74.4 Ma, during Campanian (Late Cretaceous) time.

The Blue Lias consists of a sequence of limestone and shale layers, laid down in latest Triassic and early Jurassic times, between 195 and 200 million years ago.

The formation consists of river channel sediments and contains fossils of fish, turtles, crocodilians, and a diverse fauna of dinosaurs, including birds.

The dominant lithology of this unit is mudstone with some interbedded sandstones.

The Oxford Clay (or Oxford Clay Formation) is a Jurassic marine sedimentary rock formation underlying much of southeast England, from as far west as Dorset and as far north as Yorkshire.

Part of the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range, this red sandstone was laid down in the Lower Triassic and possibly part of the Middle Triassic, around 240 million years ago.

Flysch () is a sequence of sedimentary rock layers that progress from deep-water and turbidity flow deposits to shallow-water shales and sandstones.

The Rhynie chert is a Lower Devonian sedimentary deposit exhibiting extraordinary fossil detail or completeness (a Lagerstätte).

The Kupferschiefer (German for Copper Shale, Copper Schist or Copper Slate) or Kupfermergel (Copper Marl), (T1 or Z1) is an extensive and remarkable sedimentary unit in Central Europe.

The Coconino Sandstone is a Permian age geologic formation composed of light-colored quartz arenite of eolian origin.

The Supai Group is a slope-forming sequence of mixed red beds and limestones that outcrop in the Colorado Plateau.

It consists of marine limestones, shales, marls and clays.

Millstone Grit is any of a number of coarse-grained sandstones of Carboniferous age which occur in the British Isles.

The sequence mainly consists of mudstones and siltstones together with numerous sandstones, the more significant ones of which are individually named.

Portland stone is a limestone geological formation (formally named the Portland Stone Formation) dating to the Tithonian age of the Late Jurassic that is quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England.

The Torridon Group is a series of Tonian (lower Neoproterozoic) arenaceous and argillaceous sedimentary rocks, which occur extensively in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland.

Mesas consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks, such as shales, capped by a resistant layer of harder rock, like sandstone or limestone, forming a caprock that protects the flat summit.

Loess (US: , UK: ; from German: Löss [lœs]) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust.

Formed by accretion and progradation of sand and shingle, they extend outwards from the shoreline in a triangular shape.

They originate from sediments carried by sea and stronger currents which are deposited on the lagoon bottom.

A beach ridge is a wave-swept or wave-deposited ridge running parallel to a shoreline.

Danxia landform is formed from red-coloured sandstones and conglomerates of largely Cretaceous age.

They reflect raised estuarine deposits lifted above sea level by post-glacial rebound

The Maotianshan Shales (simplified Chinese: 帽天山页岩; traditional Chinese: 帽天山頁岩; pinyin: Màotiānshān yèyán) are a series of Early Cambrian sedimentary deposits in the Chiungchussu Formation or Heilinpu Formation, famous for their Konservat Lagerstätten, deposits known for the exceptional preservation of fossilized organi

It is known for its rock formations, the result of sedimentary layering and later tectonic uplift.