Discipline

Climatology

kly-muh-TOL-uh-jee

Atmospheric Science

The study of climate: weather averaged over decades rather than days, and the slower cycles, orbital, oceanic, atmospheric, that push it warmer or colder over centuries and ice ages. Sorting the world's climates into comparable types is one of the field's oldest practical tasks; the scheme still used most widely today, the Köppen climate classification, was worked out in the late nineteenth century from the vegetation a climate can support rather than from temperature and rainfall numbers alone. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Facts

Central Question

Climatology is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years. 1

Scope

Climatology studies the long-term statistical behavior of the atmosphere-ocean system, from regional climate patterns to the causes of ice ages and modern global warming. 1

Significance

Climatology's reconstructions of past climate and projections of future climate inform the policy response to anthropogenic climate change. 1

Connections

Has Scientist

Charles David Keeling

Source Charles David Keeling (Wikipedia)

Eunice Newton Foote

Source Eunice Newton Foote (Wikipedia)

Guy Stewart Callendar

Hubert Lamb

James Hansen

Klaus Hasselmann

Source Klaus Hasselmann (Wikipedia)

Michael E. Mann

Milutin Milankovic

Source Milutin Milankovic (Wikipedia)

Reid Bryson

Rudolf Geiger

Svante Arrhenius

Source Svante Arrhenius (Wikipedia)

Syukuro Manabe

Veerabhadran Ramanathan

Wladimir Koppen

Source Wladimir Koppen (Wikipedia)

Includes

1815 Eruption of Mount Tambora

The 1816 Year Without a Summer that followed is a foundational case study in how volcanic aerosols force climate.

Source 1815 Eruption of Mount Tambora (Wikipedia)

1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo

Its stratospheric sulfur dioxide cooled global temperatures by about 0.5 degrees Celsius over the following two years.

Source 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo (Wikipedia)

Albedo

Source Albedo (Wikipedia)

Belt of Venus

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Belt of Venus); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Belt of Venus (Wikipedia)

Blue Hour

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Blue Hour); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Blue Hour (Wikipedia)

Dawn

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Dawn); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Wikidata: Dawn

Daylight

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Daylight); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Daylight (Wikipedia)

Drought

Dry season

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Dry season); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Dry season (Wikipedia)

Dusk

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Dusk); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Dusk (Wikipedia)

Dust Bowl

Source Dust Bowl (Wikipedia)

Earth's shadow

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Earth's shadow); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Earth's shadow (Wikipedia)

Eclipse

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Eclipse); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Eclipse (Wikipedia)

Effect of Sun angle on climate

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Effect of Sun angle on climate); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Effect of Sun angle on climate (Wikipedia)

El Nino

Source El Nino Southern Oscillation (Wikipedia)

Equation of Time

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Equation of Time); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Equation of Time (Wikipedia)

Glaciation

Source Glaciation (Wikipedia)

Golden hour (photography)

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Golden hour (photography)); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Golden hour (photography) (Wikipedia)

Greenhouse Effect

Source Greenhouse Effect (Wikipedia)

Growing degree-day

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Growing degree-day); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Growing degree-day (Wikipedia)

Growing season

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Growing season); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Growing season (Wikipedia)

Heat Wave

Horse Latitudes

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Horse Latitudes); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Horse Latitudes (Wikipedia)

Koppen Climate Classification

The most widely used climate classification scheme.

Source Koppen Climate Classification (Wikipedia)

La Nina

Source El Nino Southern Oscillation (Wikipedia)

Laki Eruption, 1783-1784

The sulfurous haze that spread over Europe and the resulting famine are studied as a climate event.

Source Laki (Wikipedia)

Little Ice Age

Source Little Ice Age (Wikipedia)

Medieval Warm Period

Source Medieval Warm Period (Wikipedia)

Midnight Sun

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Midnight Sun); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Midnight Sun (Wikipedia)

Milankovitch Cycles

Source Milankovitch Cycles (Wikipedia)

Monsoon

Polar Desert

Source Polar desert (Wikipedia)

Polar High

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Polar High); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Polar High (Wikipedia)

Polar Night

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Polar Night); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Polar Night (Wikipedia)

Season

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Season); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Season (Wikipedia)

Sunrise

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Sunrise); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Sunrise (Wikipedia)

Sunset

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Sunset); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Sunset (Wikipedia)

Twilight

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Twilight); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Twilight (Wikipedia)

Wet season

Read from this phenomenon's own Wikipedia article (Wet season); earth5 pass discipline judgment: Climatology.

Source Wet season (Wikipedia)

Sources

1. Climatology (Wikipedia)

Wikimedia Foundation

Lead section
Climatology (from Greek κλίμα, klima, "slope"; and -λογία, -logia) or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years.
Climate classification section
The most widely used classification, the Köppen climate classification, was developed during the late nineteenth century and is based on vegetation.

View the Source

Polar desert (Wikipedia)

Includes: Polar Desert, Lead paragraph (in-discipline)

Quote, Includes: Polar Desert, Lead paragraph (in-discipline)

Polar deserts are the regions of Earth that fall under an ice cap climate (EF under the Köppen classification).

View the Source

Albedo (Wikipedia)

Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Albedo, Lead paragraph

Quote, Includes: Albedo, Lead paragraph

Albedo ( al-BEE-doh; from Latin albedo 'whiteness') is the fraction of sunlight that is diffusely reflected by a body.

View the Source

Little Ice Age (Wikipedia)

Includes: Little Ice Age, Lead paragraph

Quote, Includes: Little Ice Age, Lead paragraph

The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of regional cooling, particularly pronounced in the North Atlantic region.

View the Source

Medieval Warm Period (Wikipedia)

Includes: Medieval Warm Period, Lead paragraph

Quote, Includes: Medieval Warm Period, Lead paragraph

The Medieval Warm Period (MWP), also known as the Medieval Climate Optimum or the Medieval Climatic Anomaly, was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region that lasted from about 950 CE to about 1250 CE. Climate proxy records show peak warmth occurred at different times for different regions, which indicate that the MWP was not a globally uniform event.

Switch Atlas

The Inner World

The Civil World

The Natural World

Climatology

Has Scientist

Includes