Sedimentation

Sedimentation is the deposition of sediments.

Conglomerate-Forming Environment: A beach where strong waves have deposited rounded, cobble-size rocks.

The state park derives its name from red sandstone formations, the Aztec Sandstone, which formed from shifting dunes 150 million years ago.

Less abundant sedimentation comprises conglomerates, siltstones, fluvial (water-deposited) sandstones, and mudstones.

It is formed by a process of rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate, often at the mouth of a hot spring or in a limestone cave.

It is formed in marine or freshwater environments, often through the activities of algae.

It is a texturally immature sedimentary rock generally found in Paleozoic strata.

It forms as an evaporite mineral and as a hydration product of anhydrite.

The sandstone was deposited in an arid erg on the Western portion of the Supercontinent Pangaea.

Wingate layers are typically pale orange to red in color, the remnants of wind-born sand dunes deposited approximately 200 million years ago in the Late Triassic.

The Apostles are a continuation of the Bayfield Peninsula - sandstone that was laid down by ancient rivers over 500 million years ago.

Marine transgressions, terrestrial wind-blown sand, coastal environments laid down the Kaibab, Toroweap, and Coconino formations.

The Fur Formation was deposited just above the Palaeocene-Eocene boundary, about 55 million years ago, and its tropical or sub-tropical flora indicate that the climate after the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum was moderately warm (approximately 4-8 degrees warmer than today).

The upper transitional beds represent sediment deposited on a deepening shallow-marine shelf.

Relatively minor changes in sea level caused major lateral shifts in the position of supratidal, subtidal, and shallow-marine environments during the deposition of the Kaibab Limestone.

It was laid down during the same time period as portions of the Two Medicine Formation of Montana and the Oldman Formation of Alberta.

They arose along the breakers' edge where the water surge piled up sediment

Deposition occurred between the middle Givetian (based on miospores) and early Frasnian (based on conodonts), dating the formation to approximately 384 to 382 million years ago.

The presence of turbidite beds in the surrounding sediments also adds evidence to this theory, as they are often deposited in deep water areas.

The shale's depositional environment is reconstructed as a calm marine basin or estuary with an anoxic, low-pH seabed.

depositional environment has been variously considered as lacustrine, estuarine, coastal marine or marine

A variety of depositional environments are represented in the succession, including floodplains, estuarine channels, and coal swamps, which have yielded a diversity of fossil material.

The group crops out widely across England, representing deposition within numerous Triassic basins, some of which are physically connected at depth.

Over millions of years, the sediments collecting at the mouth of this ancient delta were compacted and lithified into the sedimentary strata preserved in the now-exposed cliffs.

Its underlying strata were formed by Pliocene and Pleistocene lava flows covered by Holocene sedimentary deposits.

Oceanic islands can be formed from volcanic activity, grow into atolls from coral reefs, and form from sediment along shorelines, creating barrier islands.

Mount of Danxia is identified by multi-layered red sedimentary rocks of sandstone and conglomerate, and the area of was formed by the fluvial deposition through the basin 140-65 million years ago.

The islands were created during the Oligocene period 29 mya, from a large submarine volcano generated by the Canary hotspot and shaped by erosion and marine sedimentation.

The facility encloses a prehistoric sinkhole that formed and was slowly filled with sediments during the Pleistocene era.

Calcite is a common constituent of sedimentary rocks, limestone in particular, much of which is formed from the shells of dead marine organisms.

Halite dominantly occurs within sedimentary rocks where it has formed from the evaporation of seawater or salty lake water.

The mineral may precipitate in the water and collect in layers at the bottom of the lake, spring, or other standing water.

Phosphorite is a phosphate-rich sedimentary rock containing as much as 80% apatite, which is present as cryptocrystalline masses referred to as collophane.

Large deposits of anhydrite (calcium sulfate), gypsum (hydrated calcium sulfate), and halite (sodium chloride, also known as table salt) have formed in small seas in areas with arid climates.

Limestone is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains, cemented together by another mineral

Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g., kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as layers called coal seams

Flint, occasionally flintstone (SiO2), is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone

Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock

Chert () is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt

An evaporite () is a water-soluble sedimentary mineral deposit caused by the concentration and crystallization (chemical precipitation) that results when enough of the water solvent evaporates from an aqueous solution

Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds

Ironstone is a sedimentary rock, either deposited directly as a ferruginous sediment or created by chemical replacement, that contains a substantial proportion of an iron ore compound from which iron (Fe) can be smelted commercially

It thought to have been deposited in a semi-arid lacustrine wetland environment

It was deposited during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, between about 76.5 and 74.4 million years ago

Part of the Colorado Plateau, this formation was deposited during the Jurassic Period sometime between 180 and 140 million years ago in various environments, including tidal mudflats, beaches, and sand dunes

It was deposited in a marine environment, and is known for its exceptionally preserved fossils, filling an important preservational window beyond the earlier and more common Cambrian Burgess shale-type deposits

It is a series of fresh and brackish-water clays, mudstones, and sandstones deposited during the Maastrichtian and Danian (respectively, the end of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Paleogene) by fluvial activity in fluctuating river channels and deltas and very occasional peaty swamp deposits along the lo

New uranium-lead dates reveal the formation is deposited in the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous

The conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones of the 560 m (1,840 ft) thick formation were deposited in terrestrial lacustrine, alluvial, fluvial and deltaic environments

The Niobrara Formation , also called the Niobrara Chalk, is a geologic formation in North America that was deposited between 87 and 82 million years ago during the Coniacian, Santonian, and Campanian stages of the Late Cretaceous

The Pierre Shale is of marine origin and was deposited in the Western Interior Seaway

Posidonia Shale, which was deposited under strongly reducing conditions during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event, trapped and exceptionally preserved complete fossils of marine fish and reptiles

Deposited in still waters, the unit lacks bioturbation, perhaps indicating anoxic conditions

The formations of the group were deposited in a lacustrine to subtidal shallow marine environment in the Araripe rift basin

The Wealden group consists of paralic to continental (freshwater) facies sedimentary rocks of Berriasian to Aptian age and thus forms part of the English Lower Cretaceous

The Willwood Formation is a sedimentary sequence deposited during the late Paleocene to early Eocene, or Clarkforkian, Wasatchian and Bridgerian in the NALMA classification.

Torridonian is the informal name given to a sequence of Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks that outcrop in a strip along the northwestern coast of Scotland and some parts of the Inner Hebrides from the Isle of Mull in the southwest to Cape Wrath in the northeast

Barachois features often form as a result of sediment deposition in the delta of a river or, in some locations such as Miquelon Island, by a tombolo.

A chevron is a wedge-shaped sediment deposit observed on coastlines and continental interiors around the world

Sediment and alluvium are deposited on the banks and settle, forming a ridge that increases the river channel's capacity

A river delta is a landform, typically triangular, created by the deposition of the sediments that are carried by the waters of a river, where the river merges with a body of slow-moving water or with a body of stagnant water

A point bar is a depositional feature made of alluvium that accumulates on the inside bend of streams and rivers below the slip-off slope

A peresyp or mouth bar is a deposit of the sediment transported by the river-i.e., a shoal or sandbar-at the river mouth, typically in mid-channel

Strand plains typically are created by the redistribution by waves and longshore currents of coarse sediment on either side of a river mouth

They form approximately 40 percent of aeolian depositional surfaces

The soils usually consist of clays, silts, sands, and gravels deposited during floods

It is produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank (cut bank or river cliff) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex bank which is typically a point bar.

The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock found in the western United States which has been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America.

The Burgess Shale is a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada.

The Chinle Formation is an Upper Triassic continental geological formation of fluvial, lacustrine, and palustrine to eolian deposits spread across the U.S. states of Nevada, Utah, northern Arizona, western New Mexico, and western Colorado.

The Kimmeridge Clay is a sedimentary deposit of fossiliferous marine clay which is of Late Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous age and occurs in southern and eastern England and in the North Sea.

The supergroup consists of a sequence of units, mostly of nonmarine origin, deposited between the Late Carboniferous and Early Jurassic, a period of about 120 million years.

The Two Medicine Formation is a geological formation, or rock body, in northwestern Montana and southern Alberta that was deposited between 82.4 Ma and 74.4 Ma, during Campanian (Late Cretaceous) time.

The Blue Lias consists of a sequence of limestone and shale layers, laid down in latest Triassic and early Jurassic times, between 195 and 200 million years ago.

The formation consists of river channel sediments and contains fossils of fish, turtles, crocodilians, and a diverse fauna of dinosaurs, including birds.

The dominant lithology of this unit is mudstone with some interbedded sandstones.

The Oxford Clay (or Oxford Clay Formation) is a Jurassic marine sedimentary rock formation underlying much of southeast England, from as far west as Dorset and as far north as Yorkshire.

Part of the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range, this red sandstone was laid down in the Lower Triassic and possibly part of the Middle Triassic, around 240 million years ago.

Flysch () is a sequence of sedimentary rock layers that progress from deep-water and turbidity flow deposits to shallow-water shales and sandstones.

The Rhynie chert is a Lower Devonian sedimentary deposit exhibiting extraordinary fossil detail or completeness (a Lagerstätte).

The Kupferschiefer (German for Copper Shale, Copper Schist or Copper Slate) or Kupfermergel (Copper Marl), (T1 or Z1) is an extensive and remarkable sedimentary unit in Central Europe.

The Coconino Sandstone is a Permian age geologic formation composed of light-colored quartz arenite of eolian origin.

The Supai Group is a slope-forming sequence of mixed red beds and limestones that outcrop in the Colorado Plateau.

It consists of marine limestones, shales, marls and clays.

Millstone Grit is any of a number of coarse-grained sandstones of Carboniferous age which occur in the British Isles.

The sequence mainly consists of mudstones and siltstones together with numerous sandstones, the more significant ones of which are individually named.

Portland stone is a limestone geological formation (formally named the Portland Stone Formation) dating to the Tithonian age of the Late Jurassic that is quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England.

The Torridon Group is a series of Tonian (lower Neoproterozoic) arenaceous and argillaceous sedimentary rocks, which occur extensively in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland.

Mesas consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks, such as shales, capped by a resistant layer of harder rock, like sandstone or limestone, forming a caprock that protects the flat summit.

Loess (US: , UK: ; from German: Löss [lœs]) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust.

Formed by accretion and progradation of sand and shingle, they extend outwards from the shoreline in a triangular shape.

They originate from sediments carried by sea and stronger currents which are deposited on the lagoon bottom.

A beach ridge is a wave-swept or wave-deposited ridge running parallel to a shoreline.

Danxia landform is formed from red-coloured sandstones and conglomerates of largely Cretaceous age.

They reflect raised estuarine deposits lifted above sea level by post-glacial rebound

The Maotianshan Shales (simplified Chinese: 帽天山页岩; traditional Chinese: 帽天山頁岩; pinyin: Màotiānshān yèyán) are a series of Early Cambrian sedimentary deposits in the Chiungchussu Formation or Heilinpu Formation, famous for their Konservat Lagerstätten, deposits known for the exceptional preservation of fossilized organi

Unlike the contemporaneous terrestrial Wealden Group to the south, the Speeton Clay was deposited in marine conditions.

Most are alluvial islands in the Yangtze River Delta in China, although a number of islands in Hangzhou Bay off Jinshan District are also administered by Shanghai.

The Ronda Depression (Spanish: Depresión de Ronda; also Hoya de Ronda and occasionally Vega de Ronda) is a sedimentary basin in the form of a plateau located within the Cordillera Penibética, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.

It is a deposition landform by which an island becomes attached to the mainland by a narrow piece of land such as a spit or bar.

Abyssal fans, also known as deep-sea fans, underwater deltas, and submarine fans, are underwater geological structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition and formed by turbidity currents.

An inverted river delta is a river delta in which the narrow end of the delta emerges on the seafront and the wide end is located further inland, so that with respect to the seafront, the locations of both ends of the delta are inverted.

The Pearl River Mouth basin (PRMB) is an extensional sedimentary basin located in the northern part of the South China Sea.

Basin fill consists of sedimentary rocks of the Karoo Supergroup, with maximum thickness of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft).

Beach cusps are shoreline formations made up of various grades of sediment in an arc pattern.

Bolsons are sites of active deposition of sediments (aggradation).

Barrier islands are commonly formed in long, narrow systems parallel to shorelines and are shaped by waves, tides, sediment movement, and sea-level change, which cause them to shift, grow, or erode over time.

Many reefs result from natural, abiotic (non-living) processes such as deposition of sand or wave erosion planing down rock outcrops.

Aeolian landforms, or Eolian landforms, are produced by either the erosive or depositive action of wind.

The Doushantuo formation itself has three layers representing aquatic sediments that formed as sea levels rose with the melting of worldwide glaciation.

The Old Red Sandstone describes a group of sedimentary rocks deposited in a variety of environments in the late Silurian, through the Devonian and into the earliest part of the Carboniferous.

The Kem Kem is interpreted as being deposited in a tropical semi-arid climate, with brief monsoon rains.

All these metasedimentary rocks were originally deposited in the marine Rhenohercynian Basin, a back-arc basin south of the paleocontinent of Laurussia.

This results in deposition of the "shallow" or "marly" facies, a collection of very pale micrites with very little organic or siliciclastic material.

The late Silurian climate was arid and warm; this, and the restricted and shallow nature of the inland basin, resulted in the deposition of evaporites in the Salina Group, ranging in thickness from 120 to 800 metres (390 to 2,620 ft).

Subsequently, Ordovician limestones and shales sequences were deposited until the Silurian.

Pyrite was produced by microbial activity (sulfate reducing bacteria) during clay sedimentation.

Extending as far as 500 km (310 mi) from the slope, it consists of thick sediments deposited by turbidity currents from the shelf and slope.

They are a type of sediment wave, and are created when supercritical sediment-laden water (turbidity currents) travels downslope through sediment beds.

Sedimentary rocks from chemical deposition whose origin is linked to the rise of methane gas from the sea bottom and its reaction with sea water which activates a process which can cause the precipitation of carbonates and the hardening of sediments.

A kame delta (or ice-contact delta, morainic delta) is a glacial landform formed by a stream of melt water flowing through or around a glacier and depositing material, known as kame (stratified sequence of sediments) deposits.

An outwash fan is a fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier.

Such changes may be caused by interactions with a tributary, or by the opposing fluvial actions of deposition and/or erosion that form a natural cut and meander.

Over the millennia, the valley filled with the sediments of these same ranges, as well as the rising Sierra Nevada to the east; that filling eventually created an extraordinary flatness just barely above sea level.

The limestones date from the Viséan age of the Lower Carboniferous, formed as sediments in a tropical sea approximately 350 million years ago, and compressed into horizontal strata with fossil corals, crinoids, sea urchins, and ammonites.

The islands were formed from sand deposited by the Save River, which has since shifted its course.