A land bridge is an isthmus or other land connection joining two otherwise separate landmasses, letting plants and animals migrate between them. Most form when falling sea levels during an ice age expose part of the continental shelf, though some, like the Isthmus of Panama, arise instead from tectonic uplift. The Bering Land Bridge periodically linked Alaska and Siberia as ice-age sea levels fluctuated, and the Isthmus of Panama's emergence roughly three million years ago opened the Great American Biotic Interchange between North and South America.
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