The Tanzania Craton is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere in central Tanzania, with some of its rock more than 3 billion years old, and it forms the highest part of the East African Plateau. It is built mainly of Archaean granitic complexes, including gneisses, schists, quartzites, migmatites, amphibolites and granulite, along with greenstone belts, and it is surrounded by Proterozoic mobile belts, the Ubendian, Usagaran, Karagwe-Ankolean and Bukoban systems, with the Mozambique Belt lying to its east.
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