Earth and Environment Atlas

How The Planet Works
Sign In
Text size
100%
Theme
Geological Formations

Rapids

Erosional and Karst Formations

Citation Formats

General Reference

APA Style

BibTeX

Rapids are stretches of a river where a relatively steep bed gradient increases the water velocity and turbulence, typically forming where the streambed is unusually resistant to erosion compared with the channel downstream. Four conditions are needed to produce them: sufficient flow, a steep gradient, a constriction, and obstacles in the channel. The shallow, rock-strewn water mixes in air as it churns past and over these obstacles, producing the white, aerated appearance known as whitewater, and the turbulence itself helps aerate and improve the quality of the water passing through.

Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.
Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.

View At A Past Year

The atlas records no dated fact of its own for this entry, so there is no other year to choose.