The glaciers of Heard Island, in the southern Indian Ocean, covered 79 percent of the island in 1947, an area of 288 square kilometers that had shrunk 11 percent to 257 square kilometers by 1988. They range in elevation from 2,745 meters down to sea level with ice up to 150 meters deep, and measurements between 1947 and 1980 show retreat concentrated on the island eastern flanks, correlated with shifting weather patterns.
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