The recognized fields of study through which this atlas organizes the science of the physical Earth, from the atlas own nine-discipline spine (Geology, Mineralogy, Volcanology, Seismology, Meteorology, Climatology, Oceanography, Hydrology, Geochronology) out to their named subdisciplines, catalogued by the standard branch-of-earth-science classification: the broad foundational fields (Earth Science), the atmosphere (Atmospheric Science), the ocean (Ocean Science), fresh water (Water Science), ice (Cryosphere Science), ancient climate (Climate Science), geophysical measurement (Geophysical Science), named geological subfields (Branch of Geology), and practical application (Applied Earth Science). Every discipline entity carries an in-discipline or works-in edge from the processes, phenomena and scientists that belong to it. Belongs here: any recognized field or subfield of earth-science study. Does not belong here: a specific process, phenomenon, material or concept that a discipline studies (Processes, Phenomena, Materials, Concepts), or a scientist who works within a discipline rather than being one (Scientists).