Mount Bromo

Mount Bromo is a somma volcano in the Tengger mountain range of East Java, Indonesia, within Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, reaching an elevation of 2,329 meters. Though not the highest peak in the Tengger massif, it is the most active and best known, rising out of the Sea of Sand, a flat plain of volcanic sand that has been a protected nature reserve since 1919, itself sitting inside the larger Tengger Caldera. Mount Bromo has erupted repeatedly in recent decades: an eruption in 2004 killed two people struck by flying rocks, a major eruptive episode from November to December 2010 sent ash columns as high as 700 meters, activity continued into January 2011 with ash disrupting regional air travel, and further eruptions followed in December 2015 and most recently on December 13, 2023. This entity documents Mount Bromo specifically as a geological formation, an active somma volcano rising from the Tengger Caldera's sand plain.