Mount Melbourne

Mount Melbourne is an ice-covered stratovolcano in Victoria Land, Antarctica, between Wood Bay and Terra Nova Bay on the Ross Sea coast, reaching 2,733 meters and built with an elongated base about 25 by 55 kilometers wide topped by a summit caldera. It formed through alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic material, made mostly of trachyandesite and trachyte with some basalt near its base, and is surrounded by a wider volcanic field of roughly 60 exposed secondary vents. The main edifice holds an estimated volume of about 180 cubic kilometers, with the surrounding field adding a further 250 cubic kilometers of erupted material. Mount Melbourne first became active between about 3.0 and 2.7 million years ago and last erupted around 1892; though currently quiescent, it remains fumarolically active with ongoing geothermal venting. This entity documents Mount Melbourne specifically as a geological formation, a fumarolically active stratovolcano built from alternating lava and pyroclastic layers.