1257 Samalas Eruption

A catastrophic eruption of the Samalas volcano on the Indonesian island of Lombok, with a probable Volcanic Explosivity Index of 7, one of the largest eruptions of the Holocene epoch. It destroyed the city of Pamatan and buried much of Lombok under pyroclastic flows that reached the neighboring island of Sumbawa, and it injected enough sulfate aerosols into the atmosphere to cause a volcanic winter, contributing to famines in Europe and, by some accounts, helping trigger the multi-century Little Ice Age, a link that remains debated among researchers. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/