Home›Geological Formations›All Geological FormationsBrowse ByAll Geological FormationsReference and ClassificationDevelopingGroups named, physically distinct rock formations and landforms produced by geological processes: formally named stratigraphic rock units such as a distinctive sandstone or shale bed, and named landform structures shaped by geology such as canyons, mesas, fault-block mountains, karst features and volcanic necks. Belongs here: a specific, individually named geological formation or landform recognized as a distinct feature of the Earth's crust. Does not belong here: the general processes that shape formations, such as erosion or plate tectonics (Processes), the minerals and rock types formations are composed of (Materials), transient or event-like natural occurrences such as earthquakes or eruptions (Phenomena), geological time periods (Eras), and the scientists who study formations (Scientists).All Geological FormationsConnectionsComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)All Geological FormationsFilter Results2,838 entriesFormation FamilyAllAeolian and Desert Landforms (15)Antarctic Peninsula and Sub-Antarctic Islands (62)Balancing and Split Rocks (5)Calderas and Crater Lakes (21)Canyons (26)Caves and Cave Systems (25)Cenozoic and Ice Age Fossil Sites (8)Cinder Cones and Volcanic Cones (11)Coastal and Shoreline Landforms (48)Coastal Dunes (12)Columnar Basalt Formations (7)Cratons and Shields (34)Deep-Sea and Submarine Landforms (6)Desert Dunes and Sand Seas (11)Domes and Uplifts (25)East Antarctica (27)Fault Zones and Fault Scarps (28)Fluvial and River Landforms (26)Fossil-Bearing Stratigraphic Formations (73)General Inselberg and Monolith Concepts (9)General Island and Archipelago Concepts (11)General Reef and Coast Concepts (13)Glacial and Periglacial Landforms (28)Glacial Landform Concepts (9)Glaciers of Alaska and Yukon (49)Glaciers of Antarctica (166)Glaciers of Asia (32)Glaciers of Europe (105)Glaciers of Greenland (10)Glaciers of North America (137)Glaciers of Oceania (14)Glaciers of Scandinavia and Iceland (29)Glaciers of South America (15)Glaciers of the Alps (64)Glaciers of the Caucasus (10)Glaciers of the Contiguous United States (61)Glaciers of Western Canada (17)Gorges and Ravines (31)Granite Domes and Bornhardts (39)Granite Hills and Kopjes (5)Granite Peaks and Spires (17)Hoodoos and Earth Pillars (6)Islands and Archipelagos (filed here) (70)Islands of Africa (9)Islands of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean (9)Islands of Asia (40)Islands of Europe (91)Islands of North America (42)Islands of Oceania and the Pacific (30)Islands of South America (8)Karst and Weathering Landforms (10)Karst Landscapes and Landforms (19)Lava Tubes and Lava Formations (23)Mesozoic Fossil Sites (7)Monadnocks and Isolated Hills (11)Mountain Ranges and Hill Ranges (6)Mountain Ranges and Peaks (64)Named Cenotes (7)Named Monolithic Rocks and Formations (65)Named Scenic Rock and Cliff Formations (32)Named Volcanoes (13)Paleozoic Fossil Sites (11)Reefs and Shoals of East and Southeast Asia (35)Reefs and Shoals of Europe (9)Reefs and Shoals of the Atlantic and Caribbean (15)Reefs and Shoals of the Indian Ocean (8)Reefs and Shoals of the Pacific and Australia (33)Rift Valleys and Depressions (24)Rock Pillars, Towers and Weathered Rock Groups (10)Ross Sea Region (42)Sedimentary and Rift Basins (6)Sedimentary Basins and Depressions (22)Shield Volcanoes (23)Stratovolcanoes and Composite Volcanoes (82)Structural Geology Concepts (60)Tepuis and Massifs of the Guiana Highlands (6)Upland, Plateau and Erosion-Surface Landforms (20)Valley Landform Concepts (9)Valleys and Depressions (filed here) (44)Valleys of Africa (10)Valleys of Antarctica (7)Valleys of Asia (59)Valleys of Central and Western Europe (13)Valleys of Eastern Europe and the Balkans (10)Valleys of Europe (268)Valleys of North America (74)Valleys of Oceania (9)Valleys of Peninsular Italy (16)Valleys of Scandinavia (37)Valleys of South America (14)Valleys of Southern and Western Europe (14)Valleys of the British Isles (71)Valleys of the Central Alps (44)Valleys of the Eastern Alps (43)Valleys of the Western Alps (20)Volcanic Islands and Archipelagos (92)Volcanic Landform Concepts (34)Volcanic Plugs and Necks (7)West Antarctica (26)Wetland, Bog and Fen Landforms (8)Showing the 100 most common of 132 options.Formation TypeAllAeolian and Desert Landforms (15)Antarctic Peninsula and Sub-Antarctic Islands (62)Balancing and Split Rocks (5)Calderas and Crater Lakes (21)Canyons (26)Caves and Cave Systems (25)Cenozoic and Ice Age Fossil Sites (8)Cinder Cones and Volcanic Cones (11)Coastal and Shoreline Landforms (48)Coastal Dunes (12)Columnar Basalt Formations (7)Cratons and Shields (34)Deep-Sea and Submarine Landforms (6)Desert Dunes and Sand Seas (11)Domes and Uplifts (25)East Antarctica (27)Fault Zones and Fault Scarps (28)Fluvial and River Landforms (26)Fossil-Bearing Stratigraphic Formations (73)General Inselberg and Monolith Concepts (9)General Island and Archipelago Concepts (11)General Reef and Coast Concepts (13)Glacial and Periglacial Landforms (28)Glacial Landform Concepts (9)Glaciers of Alaska and Yukon (49)Glaciers of Antarctica (9)Glaciers of Asia (32)Glaciers of Greenland (10)Glaciers of Oceania (14)Glaciers of Scandinavia and Iceland (29)Glaciers of South America (15)Glaciers of the Alps (64)Glaciers of the Caucasus (10)Glaciers of the Contiguous United States (61)Glaciers of Western Canada (17)Gorges and Ravines (31)Granite Domes and Bornhardts (39)Granite Hills and Kopjes (5)Granite Peaks and Spires (17)Hoodoos and Earth Pillars (6)Islands and Archipelagos (filed here) (70)Islands of Africa (9)Islands of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean (9)Islands of Asia (40)Islands of Europe (91)Islands of North America (42)Islands of Oceania and the Pacific (30)Islands of South America (8)Karst and Weathering Landforms (10)Karst Landscapes and Landforms (19)Lagoons, Sandbanks and Continental Shelves (5)Lava Tubes and Lava Formations (23)Mesas, Cuestas and Tablelands (5)Mesozoic Fossil Sites (7)Monadnocks and Isolated Hills (11)Mountain Ranges and Hill Ranges (6)Mountain Ranges and Peaks (64)Named Cenotes (7)Named Monolithic Rocks and Formations (65)Named Scenic Rock and Cliff Formations (32)Named Volcanoes (13)Natural Arches and Rock Bridges (5)Paleozoic Fossil Sites (11)Reefs and Shoals of East and Southeast Asia (35)Reefs and Shoals of Europe (9)Reefs and Shoals of the Atlantic and Caribbean (15)Reefs and Shoals of the Indian Ocean (8)Reefs and Shoals of the Pacific and Australia (33)Rift Valleys and Depressions (24)Rock Pillars, Towers and Weathered Rock Groups (10)Ross Sea Region (42)Sedimentary and Rift Basins (6)Sedimentary Basins and Depressions (22)Shield Volcanoes (23)Stratovolcanoes and Composite Volcanoes (82)Structural Geology Concepts (60)Tepuis and Massifs of the Guiana Highlands (6)Upland, Plateau and Erosion-Surface Landforms (20)Valley Landform Concepts (9)Valleys and Depressions (filed here) (44)Valleys of Africa (10)Valleys of Antarctica (7)Valleys of Asia (59)Valleys of Central and Western Europe (13)Valleys of Eastern Europe and the Balkans (10)Valleys of North America (74)Valleys of Oceania (9)Valleys of Peninsular Italy (16)Valleys of Scandinavia (37)Valleys of South America (14)Valleys of Southern and Western Europe (14)Valleys of the British Isles (71)Valleys of the Central Alps (44)Valleys of the Eastern Alps (43)Valleys of the Western Alps (20)Volcanic Islands and Archipelagos (92)Volcanic Landform Concepts (34)Volcanic Plugs and Necks (7)West Antarctica (26)Wetland, Bog and Fen Landforms (8)Showing the 100 most common of 129 options.WhereAllAfghanistan (7)Alexander Island (8)Algeria (5)Antarctica (89)Argentina (23)Australia (111)Austria (37)Bahamas (5)Belize (5)Bolivia (9)Botswana (4)Brazil (25)Bulgaria (4)Canada (107)Chile (44)China (91)Coats Land (8)Colombia (17)Costa Rica (7)Croatia (7)Cuba (5)Democratic Republic of the Congo (10)Denmark (13)Ecuador (6)Egypt (9)Ellsworth Land (13)Eritrea (4)Eswatini (4)Ethiopia (10)Federated States of Micronesia (4)Fiji (6)Finland (7)France (76)Georgia (16)Germany (48)Graham Land (19)Greece (19)Greenland (13)Guatemala (5)Guyana (4)Iceland (26)India (43)Indonesia (48)Ireland (14)Israel (24)Italy (100)Jamaica (4)Japan (30)Kazakhstan (11)Kenya (23)King George Island (5)Kiribati (5)Kyrgyzstan (14)Lebanon (7)Livingston Island (6)Madagascar (5)Malaysia (9)Mexico (76)Mongolia (8)Mozambique (13)Namibia (13)Nepal (12)Netherlands (5)New Zealand (37)Nicaragua (9)Nigeria (6)Norway (89)Oman (4)Pakistan (54)Palestine (5)Panama (5)Papua New Guinea (5)Peru (23)Philippines (32)Poland (7)Portugal (8)Queen Maud Land (14)Romania (6)Ross Dependency (6)Russia (38)Rwanda (7)Serbia (6)Slovenia (9)South Africa (21)South Korea (8)Spain (41)Sri Lanka (6)Sweden (28)Switzerland (94)Taiwan (12)Tajikistan (12)Tanzania (12)Thailand (7)Turkey (9)Uganda (7)United Kingdom (187)United States (405)Venezuela (15)Vietnam (19)Zimbabwe (9)Showing the 100 most common of 216 options.Formed By (Process)AllDiagenesis (1)Erosion (713)Faulting (29)Folding (4)Glaciation (533)Karstification (85)Mass Wasting (6)Metamorphism (1)Orogeny (239)Plate Tectonics (54)Post-Glacial Rebound (3)Rifting (14)Seafloor Spreading (1)Sedimentation (133)Subduction (3)Volcanism (217)Weathering (42)Geological AgeAllArchean (7)Cambrian (4)Carboniferous (5)Cretaceous (21)Devonian (3)Ediacaran (2)Eocene (3)Jurassic (8)Miocene (4)Neoproterozoic (1)Oligocene (2)Ordovician (4)Paleocene (1)Paleogene (4)Permian (3)Pleistocene (6)Pliocene (1)Quaternary (1)Silurian (2)Triassic (4)Rock TypeAllAndesite (3)Basalt (12)Chalk (4)Chert (1)Coal (2)Conglomerate (4)Dacite (1)Dolomite (1)Gabbro (1)Gneiss (5)Granite (35)Limestone (24)Marl (1)Mudstone (2)Quartzite (4)Sandstone (29)Shale (7)Siltstone (3)Slate (1)Syenite (2)Trachyte (2)Travertine (1)Tuff (1)Protected StatusAllInternational Treaty Protected Area (230)IUGS Geological Heritage Site (13)Locally or Regionally Protected (175)National Monument or Landmark (86)National Park or Reserve (657)Natura 2000 Site (68)Ramsar Wetland Site (30)UNESCO Biosphere Reserve (20)UNESCO Global Geopark (12)UNESCO World Heritage Site (187)ActivityAllActive (68)Dormant (27)Extinct (5)Visitor AccessAllGuided (1)Open (82)Restricted (4)DisciplineAllGeology (24)Geomorphology (1673)Geophysics (1)Glaciology (484)Hydrology (2)Oceanography (208)Petrology (1)Sedimentology (3)Speleology (49)Stratigraphy (80)Structural Geology (57)Tectonophysics (1)Volcanology (115)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 50Scandinavian MountainsStructural and Tectonic FormationsScarborough ShoalCoastal and Reef FeaturesSchächentalValleysSchamsValleysSchimper GlacierGlaciers and Ice FormationsSchlatenkeesGlaciers and Ice FormationsSchlatt (landform)Landform ConceptsSchmidt Glacier (Heard Island and McDonald Islands)Glaciers and Ice FormationsSchnalstalValleysSchneefernerGlaciers and Ice FormationsSchooley PeneplainErosional and Karst FormationsSchoolroom GlacierGlaciers and Ice FormationsSchweitzer GlacierGlaciers and Ice FormationsSchytt GlacierGlaciers and Ice FormationsScimitar GlacierGlaciers and Ice FormationsScorpion ReefCoastal and Reef FeaturesScott Glacier (Transantarctic Mountains)Glaciers and Ice FormationsScott ValleyValleysScratch My Arse RockIslands and ArchipelagosScreeLandform ConceptsSeaStructural and Tectonic FormationsSea ArchCoastal and Reef FeaturesSea CaveKarst Caves and SinkholesSea StackCoastal and Reef FeaturesSeal GlacierGlaciers and Ice FormationsSeamountVolcanic FormationsSecond Thomas ShoalCoastal and Reef FeaturesSelárdalurValleysSelayar IslandsIslands and ArchipelagosSemidi IslandsIslands and ArchipelagosSenkaku IslandsIslands and ArchipelagosSentinel DomeInselbergs and Crystalline MonolithsSerra dos OrgaosStructural and Tectonic FormationsSerranilla BankCoastal and Reef FeaturesSetesdalValleysSeven Brothers IslandsVolcanic FormationsSeven Sisters, EnglandSedimentary and Stratigraphic FormationsSeven Stones ReefCoastal and Reef FeaturesSevernaya ZemlyaIslands and ArchipelagosSeverny Island ice capGlaciers and Ice FormationsShaʽb Abu NuħasCoastal and Reef FeaturesShackleton GlacierGlaciers and Ice FormationsShackleton RangeStructural and Tectonic FormationsShark ValleyValleysSharqiya SandsSand Dunes and Dune FieldsShenandoah ValleyValleysShetlandStructural and Tectonic FormationsShi'bGorges and CanyonsShield VolcanoVolcanic FormationsShighnanErosional and Karst Formations← Previous1…4445464748…57Next →ConnectionsShowing the first 400 of 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