Mount Melbourne is an ice-covered stratovolcano in Victoria Land, Antarctica, between Wood Bay and Terra Nova Bay on the Ross Sea coast, reaching 2,733 meters and built with an elongated base about 25 by 55 kilometers wide topped by a summit caldera. It formed through alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic material, made mostly of trachyandesite and trachyte with some basalt near its base, and is surrounded by a wider volcanic field of roughly 60 exposed secondary vents. The main edifice holds an estimated volume of about 180 cubic kilometers, with the surrounding field adding a further 250 cubic kilometers of erupted material. Mount Melbourne first became active between about 3.0 and 2.7 million years ago and last erupted around 1892; though currently quiescent, it remains fumarolically active with ongoing geothermal venting. This entity documents Mount Melbourne specifically as a geological formation, a fumarolically active stratovolcano built from alternating lava and pyroclastic layers.
Facts
Classification
Protected StatusInternational Treaty Protected Area 1 Connections
Associated With
Source Mount Melbourne (Wikipedia)
Source Mount Melbourne (Wikipedia)
Caused By
Wikidata P31 formation-type mapped to formative process Orogeny via reviewed judgment map (earth atlas); source citation is this entity's own cited Wikidata item.
Source Wikidata: Mount Melbourne
Source Mount Melbourne (Wikipedia)
Source Mount Melbourne (Wikipedia)
In Discipline
Wikidata P31 formation-type mapped to discipline Geomorphology via reviewed judgment map (earth atlas); source citation is this entity's own cited Wikidata item.
Source Wikidata: Mount Melbourne
In the Other Atlases
Found In
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.
Sources
1. Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty: Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
Secretariat of the Antarctic TreatyArticle 2Quote, Article 2
It designates Antarctica as a “natural reserve, devoted to peace and science” (Art. 2).
2. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program: Volcanoes of the World, Holocene volcanoes service
Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism ProgramVolcanoes of the World, volcano 390015Quote, Volcanoes of the World, volcano 390015
"Volcano_Name": "Melbourne" ... "Last_Eruption_Year": 1892
Wikidata: Mount Melbourne
Wikidata Q739945, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)View the Source Mount Melbourne (Wikipedia)
Lead sentence
These mosses are particularly common in a protected area known as Cryptogam Ridge within and south of the summit caldera.
Associated With: Trachyte, Lead paragraph
Mount Melbourne has mainly erupted trachyandesite and trachyte, which formed within a magma chamber; basaltic rocks are less common.
Associated With: Oligocene, Article text, age Oligocene
Volcanic activity of the McMurdo Volcanic Group is tied to continental rifting and commenced during the Oligocene.
Caused By: Volcanism, Article text, process Volcanism
The volcanic group consists of large shield volcanoes mainly near the coast, stratovolcanoes and monogenetic volcanoes which formed parallel to the Transantarctic Mountains. Volcanic activity of the McMurdo Volcanic Group is tied to continental rifting and commenced during the Oligocene.
Caused By: Rifting, Article text, process Rifting
Volcanic activity of the McMurdo Volcanic Group is tied to continental rifting and commenced during the Oligocene.
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